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  1. Nadarajah R, Quek YS, Kuppannan K, Woon SY, Jeganathan R
    PMID: 24813099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.02.021
    To show whether a clinically significant difference in success rates exists between expectant and surgical management of early pregnancy loss.
  2. Quek YS, Ling MJN, Hassan JB
    Int J Surg Case Rep, 2020;73:235-238.
    PMID: 32721883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.07.028
    INTRODUCTION: Diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) is characterized by the separation of the two rectus abdominis muscle along the linea alba. A newly modified undermined suture rectus muscle technique at cesarean delivery is created with improved post-operative outcome.

    PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 30-year-old woman, who had a previous cesarean delivery, opted for another cesarean section (CS) during this pregnancy. She claimed that her tummy was lax after her first experience of CS even with regular exercise. A standard CS procedure was carried out along with the new modified undermined suture technique for rectus muscle re-approximation. Post-operatively, the pain score was 2/10 without any evidence of hematoma, seromas or infection and the patient ambulates well. The patient did not complain of any pain or complications upon follow up after 2 weeks and 2 months post-operation. She claims that her abdomen is firmer, flatter and more stable compared to her previous operation experience.

    DISCUSSION: This newly modified method prevents any defect or weakness on the anterior abdominal wall even if the rectus muscles fail to oppose itself during the healing process. It also mimics the function of the linea alba and avoid interrupting the contraction or injuring the muscle in order to avoid pain. Adhesion of the anterior uterine wall and the rectus sheath can be prevented by closure of the rectus muscle and burying the suture material within the muscle.

    CONCLUSION: The newly modified undermined suture rectus muscle technique at cesarean delivery has the potential to improved patient's post-operative satisfaction.

  3. Ravichandran J, Woon SY, Quek YS, Lim YC, Noor EM, Suresh K, et al.
    Am J Med, 2019 03;132(3):362-366.
    PMID: 30503877 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.11.017
    PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association of circulating concentrations of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTn) in the various trimesters of pregnancy in patients with and without hypertension.

    METHODS: This was a prospective cross-sectional study of pregnant and postnatal women aged between 18-35 years with no coexisting diseases. Serum samples were analysed for hs-TnI.

    RESULTS: A total of 880 women (mean age = 29.1 years [standard deviation = 5.1 years]) were recruited with 129 (14%), 207 (24%), and 416 (47%) patients in the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively. Ninety (10%) participants were recruited in the postnatal period. During pregnancy 28 (3%) patients were classified as having pregnancy-induced hypertension and 10 (1%) as preeclampsia. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I was measurable in 546 (62%) participants with a median of 1 ng/L (range 0 to 783 ng/L). Troponin concentrations were above the 99th percentile in 19 (2%) individuals. Patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia had higher concentrations of hs-TnI (median 11 ng/L [interquartile range (IQR) 6 to 22 ng/L] vs 12ng/L [IQR 3 to 98 ng/L] vs 1 ng/L [IQR 0 to 1 ng/L]). In logistic regression modeling hs-cTnI concentration remained an independent predictor of pregnancy-induced hypertension or preeclampsia in both unadjusted and adjusted models (odds ratio 9.3 [95% confidence interval 5.8 to 16.3] and 11.5 [95% confidence interval 6.3 to 24.1], respectively, per doubling of hs-TnI concentrations).

    CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac troponin measured using a high-sensitivity assay is quantifiable in the majority of young pregnant women with 2% of individuals having concentration above the 99th percentile sex-specific threshold. Patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension or preeclampsia had higher cardiac troponin concentrations. Cardiac troponin was a strong independent predictor of pregnancy-induced hypertension or preeclampsia in pregnant and postnatal women.

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