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  1. The effects of mis-centering on radiation dose during CT head examination: A phantom study
    Isa INC, Rahmat SMS, Dom SM, Kayun Z, Karim MKA
    J Xray Sci Technol, 2019;27(4):631-639.
    PMID: 31205011 DOI: 10.3233/XST-190491
    There are several factors that may contribute to the increase in radiation dose of CT including the use of unoptimized protocols and improper scanning technique. In this study, we aim to determine significant impact on radiation dose as a result of mis-centering during CT head examination. The scanning was performed by using Toshiba Aquilion 64 slices multi-detector CT (MDCT) scanner and dose were measured by using calibrated ionization chamber. Two scanning protocols of routine CT head; 120 kVp/ 180 mAs and 100 kVp/ 142 mAs were used represent standard and low dose, respectively. As reference measurement, the dose was first measured on standard cylindrical polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom that positioned at 104 cm from the floor (reference isocenter). The positions then were varied to simulate mis-centering by 5 cm from isocenter, superiorly and inferiorly at 109 cm, 114 cm, 119 cm, 124 cm and 99 cm, 94 cm, 89 cm, 84 cm, respectively. Scanning parameter and dose information from the console were recorded for the radiation effective dose (E) measurement. The highest mean CTDIvol value for MCS and MCI were 105.06 mGy (at +10 cm) and 105.51 mGy (at - 10 cm), respectively which differed significantly (p 
  2. Fulltext Effectiveness of an educational module in improving knowledge, awareness and perception among pregnant women regarding the safe use of prenatal ultrasound
    Ravintaran T, Go KX, Che Isa IN, Mohd Norsuddin N, Sabarudin A, Mohamed Sharif N, et al.
    Heliyon, 2023 Jan;9(1):e12773.
    PMID: 36685374 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12773
    BACKGROUND: Lack of public understanding, perception and awareness of the biological effects of prenatal ultrasound has led to the non-medical use of ultrasound. An educational programme is required to enlighten pregnant women and the public regarding prenatal ultrasound safety.

    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of educational modules (video and brochure) in improving knowledge, awareness and perception (KAP) among pregnant women regarding prenatal ultrasound safety.

    METHODS: This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-and post-test design. This study recruited 51 pregnant women as respondents from the Obstetrics and Gynaecology clinic (O&G) of Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz (HCTM). The first phase of the study was conducted by distributing a set of closed-ended questionnaires with multiple choice and Likert scale answers to assess the KAP of pregnant women regarding the safe use of prenatal ultrasound, followed by educational modules where the respondents were allocated into three groups (17 watched a video, 17 received brochure and 17 received combined media). After the intervention, the respondents' KAP were assessed using the same questionnaire.

    RESULTS: The Wilcoxon signed rank test showed that educational modules like video, brochure and combined media had a statistically significant increase in post-test scores over the pre-test scores (video: mean rank = 9.00, p  0.05). The Kruskal Wallis test indicated that educational video was more effective in improving the KAP of pregnant women than the brochure and combined media (mean rank = 34.62, p 

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