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  1. Raihan, K., Azmawati, M.N.
    MyJurnal
    The leading cause of mortality in Malaysia is coronary heart disease (CHD). Several cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors contribute to this problem and smoking is one of the main modifiable risk factor. Most of the patients started smoking early during youth period. This study aimed to determine the association and to predict the cigarette smoking and cardiovascular risk factors among the male youth. A cross sectional study was conducted by self-administered data sheets, physical examinations: blood pressure measurement and body mass index calculation, blood taking procedure for blood glucose, total cholesterol and HDL-C levels. The results showed that the glycemic status was significantly associated with smoking status (p=0.048) however, there was no significant association for smokers and risk of developing diabetes mellitus compared to non smokers although smokers had higher odd ratio (OR: 4.33; 95%CI: 0.900-20.811) (p=0.068). Interestingly, for daily exposure of smoking, those who smoke 5 cigarette and less was significantly associated with high systolic blood pressure (p = 0.036) and smoking showed protective trend against systolic hypertension (OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.266-1.230), however, it was not significant (p=0.152). In conclusion, smoking among youth and its association with the cardiovascular risk factor should be addressed tactfully and early screening should be promptly done among the smoking youth for early prevention.
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