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  1. Fulltext Polymethoxyflavones fromNicotiana plumbaginifolia(Solanaceae) Exert Antinociceptive and Neuropharmacological Effects in Mice
    Shajib MS, Rashid RB, Ming LC, Islam S, Sarker MMR, Nahar L, et al.
    Front Pharmacol, 2018;9:85.
    PMID: 29515437 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00085
    Polymethoxylavones (PMFs) are known to exhibit significant anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties.Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, an annual Bangladeshi herb, is rich in polymethoxyflavones that possess significant analgesic and anxiolytic activities. The present study aimed to determine the antinociceptive and neuropharmacological activities of polyoxygenated flavonoids namely- 3,3',5,6,7,8-hexamethoxy-4',5'-methylenedioxyflavone (1), 3,3',4',5',5,6,7,8-octamethoxyflavone (exoticin) (2), 6,7,4',5'-dimethylenedioxy-3,5,3'-trimethoxyflavone (3), and 3,3',4',5,5',8-hexamethoxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavone (4), isolated and identified fromN. plumbaginifolia. Antinociceptive activity was assessed using the acetic-acid induced writhing, hot plate, tail immersion, formalin and carrageenan-induced paw edema tests, whereas neuropharmacological effects were evaluated in the hole cross, open field and elevated plus maze test. Oral treatment of compounds1,3, and4(12.5-25 mg/kg b.w.) exhibited dose-dependent and significant (p< 0.01) antinociceptive activity in the acetic-acid, formalin, carrageenan, and thermal (hot plate)-induced pain models. The association of ATP-sensitive K+channel and opioid systems in their antinociceptive effect was obvious from the antagonist effect of glibenclamide and naloxone, respectively. These findings suggested central and peripheral antinociceptive activities of the compounds. Compound1,3, and4(12.5 mg/kg b.w.) demonstrated significant (p< 0.05) anxiolytic-like activity in the elevated plus-maze test, while the involvement of GABAAreceptor in the action of compound3and4was evident from the reversal effects of flumazenil. In addition, compounds1and4(12.5-25 mg/kg b.w) exhibited anxiolytic activity without altering the locomotor responses. The present study suggested that the polymethoxyflavones (1-4) fromN. Plumbaginifoliacould be considered as suitable candidates for the development of analgesic and anxiolytic agents.
  2. Prevalence and risk factors associated with alcohol consumption among indigenous people in Sabah Borneo Island
    Abd Rashid RB, Mohd Daud MNB, Guad RM, Gan SH, Wan Husin WAIB, Giloi N, et al.
    Aust J Rural Health, 2021 Jun;29(3):464-472.
    PMID: 34148278 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12732
    OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of alcohol use among a cohort of population in Sabah.

    DESIGN: This is a prospective, cohort study involving rural community residents.

    SETTING: Rural community resident at Bingkor, Keningau, Sabah.

    PARTICIPANTS: 363 individuals aged 13 years old and above.

    INTERVENTION: Community-based participatory research to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with alcohol use.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Measurement of alcohol use using Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and assessment of psychiatric morbidity using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) questionnaires.

    RESULTS: Most alcohol drinkers aged between 36-45 years old, followed by 26-35 years old and 46-55 years old. Interestingly, there are almost similar female to male ratio. Most were Kadazan-Dusun ethnic, non-Muslims, and married. Although only less than a third of the participants received tertiary education, the majority were working. Based on the findings, being a male, non-Muslim and having an obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (current) posed a significantly higher risk of alcohol consumption.

    CONCLUSION: A worryingly high prevalence of hazardous alcohol consumption among the locals is reported. There is a need for population-wide intervention towards preventive measures based on the identified risk factors for hazardous alcohol use.

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