In this study, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was used with methanol as extraction solvent to extract bioactive compounds from Ananas comosus (pineapple) flesh. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the correlative effects of temperature (60 – 150°C) and extraction time (10 – 30 min) on the yield of selected bioactive compounds. In this model, the R2 obtained was 0.8788 for selected bioactive compounds for Ananas comosus suggesting a satisfactory agreement between the predicted and experimental values. Two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography (2D-HPLC) with a diode array detector (DAD) was used for the separation and detection of the bioactive compounds. Extraction temperature was found to significantly increase the yield of three selected bioactive compounds following which the optimum operating extraction conditions for PLE for Ananas comosus was determined to be 105°C and a static time of 20 min.
Headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was employed for the extraction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in MD2 pineapple (Ananas comosus L. var. comosus cv. MD2). Optimisation of HS-SPME operating parameters was conducted using three-factor, three-level Box–Behnken response surface experimental design to evaluate the interactive effects of temperature (30 – 50 ºC), extraction time (10 – 30 min) and salting effect (1 – 3 g of salt addition) on the amount of selected VOCs. Determination of VOCs was done using gas chromatography with spectrometry detector (GC-MSD). Extraction temperature was found to be significant (p < 0.05) in increasing the amount of selected VOCs (ethyl acetate, methyl isobutyrate and butanoic acid methyl ester). Based on the maximum amount of these VOCs, the optimum operating extraction conditions for HS-SPME were set up at temperature of 30 °C, time of 29 min and salt addition of 1 g. The optimized HS-SPME conditions were employed for the extraction of VOCs from pineapple of different varieties.