The musculocutaneous and median nerves frequently show variations from their normal course. The purpose of this paper is to report a rare variation, in which the right musculocutaneous nerve was absent. Consequently, the median nerve supplied motor innervation to the flexor compartment of the arm and sensory innervation to the lateral aspect of the forearm. The primary targets of this paper are orthopedic surgeons, anesthesiologists and radiologists. In cases of injuries to the upper limb, knowledge of these variations can assist them in avoiding misdiagnoses.
Background Gallstone disease (GSD) is one among the most prevalent diseases that affects approximately 10-15% of the population. It is associated with many other diseases like gallbladder cancer, renal stones, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and stroke. Objective Objective of this study is to document the prevalence of gallstones among south Indian cadavers. Method One hundred and twenty three South Indian cadaveric livers/gallbladders were observed for the presence of gallstones. The age range was 40 to 70 years. The gallbladders were palpated to know the presence of stones. They were then dissected and the stones were classified based on appearance. Gall bladder walls were also observed to know the associated fibrosis. Result Among the cadavers studied, 0.81% possessed cholesterol stones and 4.06% had pigment stones. Among the stones, 83.33% were pigment stones and 16.66% were cholesterol stones. Conclusion Compared to the western countries and north Indian studies, the prevalence of gallstone diseaseis low in the south Indian population (4.87%). The low prevalence was probably due to the low socioeconomic status and the diet and lifestyle.
Celiac trunk is the first ventral branch of the abdominal aorta. It usually terminates by giving three branches; the common hepatic artery, the left gastric artery and the splenic artery. We report a rare variation of the branching pattern of the celiac trunk. The Celiac trunk divided into two branches; left gastric artery and splenicogastroduodenal trunk. The splenico-gastroduodenal trunk divided into splenic and gastroduodenal arteries. The superior mesenteric artery and hepatic artery took origin from a common hepato-mesenteric trunk. The hepatic artery had a winding course around the portal vein and hepatic duct. The knowledge of these variations is important while doing radiological investigations and liver transplant and pancreatic surgeries.