Complicated crown-root fracture is a severe dental injury that affects the enamel, dentine, cementum, and pulp, representing a small percentage of dental trauma cases in permanent teeth. This case report discusses the management of a complicated crown-root fracture to the maxillary left central incisor in a 14-year-old male patient following a motor vehicle accident. The fracture extended subgingivally, complicating access and restoration. Initial treatment attempts by a general dentist were unsuccessful due to the repeated dislodgement of restorations. A multidisciplinary approach was taken and options such as orthodontic extrusion, gingivectomy, and surgical extrusion were considered. Root canal treatment followed by gingivectomy was performed to expose the fracture line for restoration. While the fracture line for restoration was successfully exposed, the intrinsic discoloration was overlooked. The key to treatment success was the consideration of supracrestal tissue attachment, a crucial factor in maintaining periodontal health. Regular follow-up is essential to monitor the tooth's endodontic-periodontic status and ensure lasting success.
Medical education is changing at a fast pace. Students attend medical school with a high degree of technological literacy and a desire for a diverse educational experience. As a result, a growing number of medical schools are incorporating technology-enhanced active learning and multimedia education tools into their curriculum. Gamified training platforms include educational games, mobile medical apps, and virtual patient scenarios. We provide a systematic review of what is meant by gamification in this era. Specific educational games, mobile apps, and virtual simulations that may be used for preclinical and clinical training have been discovered and classified. The available data were presented in terms of the recognized platforms for medical education's possible benefits. Virtual patient simulations have been shown to enhance learning results in general. Gamification could improve learning, engagement, and cooperation by allowing for real-world application. They may also help with promoting risk-free healthcare decision-making, remote learning, learning analytics, and quick feedback. We account for Preclinical training which included 5 electronic games and 4 mobile apps, while clinical training included 5 electronic games, 10 mobile applications, and 12 virtual patient simulation tools. There were additionally nine more gamified virtual environment training products that were not commercially accessible. Many of these studies have shown that utilizing gamified media in medical education may confer advantages. This collection of hyperlinked resources may be utilized by medical students, practitioners, and instructors at all levels.