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  1. Fulltext Applicability of the World Health Organization recommended new shorter regimen in a multidrug-resistant tuberculosis high burden country
    Javaid A, Ahmad N, Khan AH, Shaheen Z
    Eur Respir J, 2017 01;49(1).
    PMID: 28049176 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01967-2016
  2. Risk factors for high death and loss-to-follow-up rates among patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis at a programmatic management unit
    Javaid A, Shaheen Z, Shafqat M, Khan AH, Ahmad N
    Am J Infect Control, 2017 Feb 01;45(2):190-193.
    PMID: 27769706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.07.026
    Among 186 retrospectively evaluated patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, 33.9% were cured, 6.6% completed treatment, 25% died, 18.3% were lost to follow-up, 2.2% failed treatment, and 13.8% were still undergoing treatment by the end of the study period. Rural residence was a risk factor for loss to follow-up (odds ratio [OR], 3.315; P = .016), whereas baseline body weight <40 kg (OR, 2.175; P = .042) and resistance to ofloxacin (OR, 2.889; P = .025) were risk factors for death. Despite programmatic management, treatment outcomes of the current cohort were distressing.
  3. Pattern of first- and second-line drug resistance among pulmonary tuberculosis retreatment cases in Pakistan
    Javaid A, Hasan R, Zafar A, Chaudry MA, Qayyum S, Qadeer E, et al.
    Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2017 03 01;21(3):303-308.
    PMID: 28225340 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.16.0444
    BACKGROUND: Drug resistance in general, and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in particular, threatens global tuberculosis (TB) control efforts. Population-based estimates of drug resistance are needed to develop strategies for controlling drug-resistant TB in Pakistan.

    OBJECTIVE: To obtain population-based data on Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance in Pakistan.

    METHODS: To obtain drug resistance data, we conducted a population-based study of TB cases in all provinces of Pakistan. We performed culture and drug susceptibility testing on M. tuberculosis isolates from patients with a prior history of anti-tuberculosis treatment (retreatment cases) from all over the country.

    RESULTS: Of 544 isolates from previously treated cases, 289 (53.1%) were susceptible to all first-line drugs, 255 (46.9%) were resistant to at least one anti-tuberculosis drug and 132 (24.3%) were MDR-TB. Among MDR-TB isolates, 47.0% were ofloxacin (OFX) resistant. Extensively drug-resistant TB was found in two (0.4%) isolates.

    CONCLUSION: Prevalence of drug resistance in retreatment isolates was high. The alarmingly high prevalence of OFX resistance among MDR-TB isolates may threaten the success of efforts to control and treat MDR-TB.

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