Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) is a common mesenchymal tumour arising in the gastrointestinal tract, but not frequently encountered in the rectum. Herein, we describe a case of a rectal GIST which mimicked histomorphological features of a schwannoma; thus, making intraoperative frozen section evaluation challenging. Although subsequent immunohistochemistry and molecular findings readily confirmed the diagnosis of a GIST, we wish to draw attention to three clues that will help the pathologist steer clear of this potential diagnostic pitfall. One, GISTs are relatively more common than schwannomas in the rectum. Two, schwannomas usually have very little mitoses. Three, rectal GISTs commonly exhibit nuclear palisades. We also discuss the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic functions of immunohistochemical and molecular investigations. As the surgical intent for rectal GISTs is for en-bloc excision with wide margins, we surmise that the intraoperative consult should include GIST as a possible differential diagnosis for rectal mesenchymal tumours. In view of the potential for neoadjuvant treatment with imatinib before surgical excision to preserve sphincter function, a multidisciplinary approach is recommended for establishing most effective treatment strategy in these rare complex cases.
Titainum (Ti) implants have been successfully used in orthopaedic and dental surgery. However, the poor early bone tissue integration is still a common failure. This could be modulated by improving material bonding or adhesion directly to bone though a surface roughening and/or a bioresorbable and osteoconductive coating. In this study, we report on the biological behavious of the Ti substrate with modified surface roughness and/or bioactive coating. The roughened Ti surface was prepared by acid etching reaction, and the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) coating on the substrates was synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of Ti in calcium citrate complexes. The study demonstrated that surface roughing of Ti alone did not improve the biological reponse of the MC3T3-E1 cells, however, CaCO3 coating on smooth Ti surface increased cell responses, and the affects were further enhanced in combination with Ti surface roughening. Larger cell area, greater cell proliferation and increased bone-like nodule formation were obtained on the CaCO3 coating of the roughened Ti surface. This was also supported by a higher ALP value obtained for the the coatings of roughened Ti surface. The cell behaviours found in the current study support further development of calcium carbonate coatings towards clinical application.
Minimal change disease (MCD) is a common type of nephrotic syndrome with high recurrence rate. This study aims to explore the impacts of interleukin (IL)-33 in MCD and to discuss its potential mechanism. In adriamycin (ADM) and puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced MCD rat model, IL-33 was used for treatment. H&E staining was applied for detecting histological changes. Critical proteins were examined by western blot. Corresponding commercial kits tested oxidative stress- and inflammation-related factors. Cell apoptosis was measured by TUNEL assay. ADM-induced podocyte injury model was establish to mimic MCD in vitro. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8 and TUNEL assays. Finally, podocyte was stimulated by innate lymphoid type-2 cells-secreted Th2 cytokines (ILC2s: IL-13 and IL-5 respectively), with or without incubation with M1 macrophage medium to further explore the immune-regulation of ILC2s behind the inflammatory environment of MCD. It was found that PAN-induced kidney jury, inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis were severer than ADM, and IL-33 treatment significantly alleviated the above injuries in PAN and ADM-induced MCD rat model. Moreover, IL-33 reversed the reduced viability and increased oxidative stress and apoptosis in ADM-induced podocyte injury model. Further, the capacities of IL-13 alone in inducing M1/M2 macrophage polarization, apoptosis, inflammation, kidney injury and reducing cell viability are stronger than IL-5. However, IL-13 reversed reduced cell viability and stimulated apoptosis, inflammation, kidney injury mediated by co-incubation with M1-conditioned medium. Collectively, IL-33 might protect against immunologic injury in MCD via mediating ILC2s-secreted IL-13.
The objective of this study was to examine the impact of magnetic field-assisted thawing (MFT) on the quality and microstructure of Portunus trituberculatus meat, in comparison to other thawing methods (Air thawing, AT; Hydrostatic thawing, HT; Microwave thawing, MT). A comprehensive comparative analysis was conducted on different physicochemical and flavor properties of crab meat. MFT significantly reduced thawing loss by 18.9-20.0 % and TBARS levels by 40 % compared to the other methods, demonstrating its ability to minimize lipid oxidation. Microstructure analysis showed that MFT preserved muscle fiber integrity, leading to a denser and more organized structure with reduced protein denaturation. This performance was attributed to MFT's ability to reduce protein denaturation, which effectively minimizes water loss and inhibits lipid oxidation during thawing. Moreover, MFT improved the retention of key flavor compounds, increasing nonanal and 2-undecanone levels by 31.4 % and 69 %, respectively, contributing to a fresher aroma. MFT group also retained more umami (Glu + 40.8 %) and sweet amino acids (Gly, Ala + about 19.8 %), and nucleotides (AMP + 0.8 %, IMP + 9.4 %), while less bitter amino acids (Lys -68.2 %, Met -51.9 %). In conclusion, MFT had good ability of keeping quality of crabs meat, providing noval thawing method for P. trituberculatus.