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Some clinical problems of a psychiatric day centre

Teoh CL, Woon TH, Sim SH

Med J Malaysia, 1973 Dec;28(2):80-3.
PMID: 4276264
Fulltext The relationship of Grasha-Riechmann Teaching Styles with teaching experience of National-Type Chinese Primary Schools Mathematics Teacher

Sim SH, Mohd Matore MEE

Front Psychol, 2022;13:1028145.
PMID: 36337560 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1028145

Grasha-Riechmann Teaching Styles have a high potential to be applied in Mathematics especially to help increase teacher educators' knowledge. However, very little attention has been paid to the study of identifying the teaching style patterns of Mathematics teachers at the primary school National-Type Chinese Primary Schools or Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina SJKC. There is increasing concern about how this teaching style related to the teaching experience. This study aims to identify the patterns of Grasha-Riechmann Teaching Styles among primary school Mathematics teachers and the relationship between Grasha-Riechmann Teaching Styles with teaching experience. The quantitative approach through a survey was applied to 97 Mathematics teachers of SJKC Kepong, Kuala Lumpur using the simple random sampling method. The instrument was adapted from the Grasha-Riechmann Teaching Styles Questionnaire (1996), which measures five teaching styles such as Personal Model Teaching Style, Expert Teaching Style, Formal Authority Teaching Style, Delegator Teaching Style, and Facilitator Teaching Style. The patterns showed that the Personal Model Teaching Style is the most dominant, and the Facilitator Teaching as the least dominant style. The Spearman's Rho Correlation also reported a very weak significant correlation between Grasha-Riechmann Teaching Styles with the teachers' Mathematics teaching experience, specifically for Expert, Formal Authority, and Facilitator Teaching Styles. The study provides practical implications for educators' professional development to diversify the training of teachers by experience and adapt them to the needs of student learning in primary school. These findings trigger ideas to get a better understanding by other demographic variables such as gender, age, and complexity of Mathematics subject.
Validation of the Brief Ageing Perceptions Questionnaire (B-APQ) in Malaysia

Jaafar MH, Villiers-Tuthill A, Sim SH, Lim MA, Morgan K

Aging Ment Health, 2020 04;24(4):620-626.
PMID: 30596467 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1550631

Objectives: The Brief Ageing Perceptions Questionnaire (B-APQ) has five domains that explore views about own ageing. The aim of this study was to validate the B-APQ for use among older adults in Malaysia and to explore socio-demographic variations in ageing self-perceptions.Method: Older adults aged 50 years and above were randomly selected to complete a set of questionnaires. Cronbach's α was used to measure internal consistency, while corrected item-total correlations and correlation with DASS-21 and the CASP-19 scores were employed to assess convergent and discriminant validity. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted to confirm the factorial structure of the B-APQ. Difference in self-perceptions of ageing across socio-demographic variables was assessed.Results: Internal consistency for each of the domains was good. Item-total correlations within each domain were strong (>0.6) or very strong (>0.8). Convergent and discriminant validity were supported by significant correlations with DASS-21 depression and CASP-19 scores. CFA results indicated good model fit with the original B-APQ model. Presence of chronic illness also has a significant impact on B-APQ domain scores.Conclusion: The B-APQ is a valid and reliable instrument which can be used to assess self-perceptions of ageing among older Malaysian adults.
The Prevalence, Demographics, Clinical Features, Neuroimaging, and Inter-ethnic Differences of MOGAD in Malaysia with Global Perspectives

Ong ZM, Arip M, Ching YM, Kumar L, Terumalay S, Sim SH, et al.

Mult Scler Relat Disord, 2022 Nov;67:104168.
PMID: 36274473 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104168

INTRODUCTION: CNS IIDDs1 tested positive for anti-MOG2 are known to have a distinct clinical profile with a better overall prognosis.
OBJECTIVES: We aim to determine the prevalence, demographic and clinical characteristics of MOG antibody disease (MOGAD) specifically identifying any ethnic variations unique to our local population, with global perspectives.
METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at the Neurology Department, Kuala Lumpur Hospital from January 2018 to January 2021. Out of 750 CNS IIDDs, seventy-eight consecutive anti-AQP4 antibody negative NMOSD/high risk undifferentiated relapsing or monophasic CNSIIDD subjects were tested for anti-MOG.
RESULTS: Anti-MOG was positive in thirty six out of seventy-eight (%)(46.1%) seronegative patients. The prevalence of MOGAD in our Malaysian population is 0.12 per 100,000 persons with less marked female preponderance of 2:1 and younger age at onset of 23.8 ± 14.4 years. Despite a predominantly ethnic Malay population, a high proportion of our MOGAD patients were Indian (Proportion of Malay:Chinese:Indian:others; 16:9:10:1, prevalence 0.5 per 100,000 population for Indians) with favourable disease course in the most with minor exceptions. Monophasic and relapsing disease course was seen in 11.2% and 88.8% of patients respectively. However, fulminant aggressive disease can occur especially amongst the Chinese and paediatric cohorts. Optic neuritis, NMOSD and ADEM were the commonest presentations at onset and first relapse. EDSS at diagnosis, first relapse, and last follow-up were 4.5±2.5, 3±2.0, and 1.75(range 1-3). Neuroimaging showed large, fluffy, PRES- like supratentorial cortical, periventricular deep white matter ,diencephalon lesions,enhancing anterior optic nerve with or without chiasmal sparring lesions and cervical/cervicothoracic involvement. Area post rema lesions were rare. Threshold steroid levels exist relapsing on withdrawal some fulminantly requiring Immunosuppressants(rituximab) and intravenous immunoglobulins to maintain remission.
CONCLUSION: Malaysian MOGAD profile was similar to its international descriptions of the disease with ethnic selectivity for Indians. Prolonged steroid maintenance is essential to prevent relapses. Fulminant aggressive cases of MOGAD especially amongst Paediatric patients and the Chinese cohort have been reported.
Fulltext Implementation of brief dialectical behavior therapy skills training among borderline personality disorder patients in Malaysia: feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary outcomes

Keng SL, Mohd Salleh Sahimi HB, Chan LF, Woon L, Eu CL, Sim SH, et al.

BMC Psychiatry, 2021 10 04;21(1):486.
PMID: 34607589 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03500-y

AIM/BACKGROUND: Even though dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) has received substantial empirical support in treating patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), fewer studies have evaluated whether a brief DBT skills group may be effective in improving clinical outcomes in this population. Further, less is known regarding the feasibility and outcomes of DBT beyond Euro-American contexts. This paper describes outcomes from a pilot study examining the feasibility, acceptability, and clinical outcomes following completion of a shortened, 14-week DBT skills group in a sample of Muslim-majority BPD patients in Malaysia.
METHODS: Twenty patients were recruited from a public hospital and attended DBT skills groups in an outpatient clinic. Participants completed measures assessing psychological symptoms, self-harm behaviors, suicidal ideation, emotion regulation difficulties, self-compassion, and well-being pre- and post-intervention.
RESULTS: There were significant reductions in depressive symptoms, stress, and emotion regulation difficulties, as well as increases in self-compassion and well-being from pre- to post-intervention. A trend was found for decreases in frequency and types of non-suicidal self-harm behaviors, suicidal ideation, and anxiety symptoms. Qualitative content analyses of participants' feedback indicated that the vast majority of participants perceived a positive impact from the skills group, with mindfulness and distress tolerance being rated frequently as skills that were beneficial.
CONCLUSION: These preliminary findings suggest that DBT skills training is feasible and acceptable in a Muslim-majority, low resource clinical setting, and holds promise in improving clinical outcomes among BPD patients in Malaysia.