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  1. Kartini Kamaruddin, Siti Hawa Hamzah
    Scientific Research Journal, 2006;3(2):45-59.
    MyJurnal
    Design and construction of buildings used to be on framed structure
    incorporating reinforced concrete, steel or timber as structural member to
    transmit load to the foundation. Bricks are normally used as infill materials in
    these framed structures. However, research has shown that bricks can also be
    used as external and internal masonry bearing walls. With the use of structural
    masonry construction method, cheaper and faster construction can be achieved.
    Savings are obtained by using less formwork and reinforcing steel, reducing
    construction time as lesser frames or none are used, and eliminating waiting
    time for the structural concrete to cure or gain their strength. Calcium silicate
    and sand cement bricks were tested for their mechanical properties.
    Investigations were carried out on six masonry bearing walls. Each unit
    measured 1000 mm × 1000 mm and a half brick thick. The structural behaviour
    due to compressive axial load was investigated and it shows that both bricks
    satisfy the requirement as load bearing wall. However, the study concluded
    that sand cement brick wall showed better performance, with maximum lateral
    displacement of 3.81mm, vertical deflection of 6.63 mm and ultimate load of
    448.13 kN.
  2. Amir Syafiq Samsudin, Mohd Hisbany Mohd Hashim, Siti Hawa Hamzah, Afidah Abu Bakar
    Scientific Research Journal, 2018;15(1):15-29.
    MyJurnal
    Nowadays, demands in the application of fibre in concrete increase gradually as an engineering material. Rapid cost increment of material causes the increase in demand of new technology that provides safe, efficient and economical design for the present and future application. The introduction ofribbed slab reduces concrete materials and thusthe cost, but the strength of the structure also reduces due to the reducing of material. Steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) has the ability to maintain a part of its tensile strength prior to crack in order to resist more loading compared to conventional concrete. Meanwhile, the ribbed slab can help in material reduction. This research investigated on the bending strength of 2-ribbed and 3-ribbed concrete slab with steel fibre reinforcement under static loading with a span of 1500 mm and 1000 mm x 75 mm in cross section. An amount of 40 kg/m steel fibre of all total concrete volume was used as reinforcement instead of conventional bars with concrete grade 30 N/mm2 . The slab wastested underthree-point bending. Load versus deflection curve was plotted to illustrate the result and to compare the deflection between control and ribbed slab. Thisresearch showsthat SFRCRibbed Slab capable to withstand the same amount of load as normal slab structure, although the concrete volume reduces up to 20%.
  3. Nur Aiman Suparlan, Muhammad Azrul Ku Ayob, Siti Hawa Hamzah, Hazrina Ahmad, Mohd Hisbany Mohd Hashim
    Scientific Research Journal, 2018;15(1):31-45.
    MyJurnal
    A ribbed slab structure has the advantage in the reduction of concrete volume in between the ribs resulting in a lower structural self-weight. In order to overcome the drawbacks in the construction process, the application of steel fibre self-compacting concrete (SCFRC) is seen as an alternative material to be used in the slab. This preliminary investigation was carried out to investigate the flexural behaviour of steel fibre selfcompacting concrete (SCFRC) asthe main material in ribbed slab omitting the conventionalreinforcements. Two samples ofribbed slab were prepared for this preliminary study; 2-ribbed and 3-ribbed in 1 m width to identify the effect of the geometry to the slab’s flexural behaviour. The dimension of both samples is 2.5 m x 1 m with 150 mm thickness. The compressive strength of the mix is 48.6 MPa based on the cubes tested at 28 days. Load was applied to failure by using the four point bending test set-up with simple support condition. The result of the experiment recorded ultimate load carrying capacity at 30.68 kN for the 2-ribbed slab and 25.52 kN for 3-ribbed slab. From the results, the ultimate load of the 2-ribbed sample exceeds 3-ribbed by approximately 20%. This proved that even with lower concrete volume, the sample can still withstand an almost similar ultimate load. Cracks was also observed and recorded with the maximum crack width of 2 mm. It can be concluded that the steel fibres do have the potential to withstand flexural loadings. Steel fibre reduces macro-crack forming into micro-cracks and improves concrete ductility, as well as improvement in deflection. This shows that steel fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete is practical as it offers good concrete properties as well as it can be mixed, placed easier without compaction.
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