Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 58 in total

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  1. Fulltext Dental rehabilitation of amelogenesis imperfecta using thermoformed templates
    Sockalingam S
    J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent, 2011 Jan-Mar;29(1):53-6.
    PMID: 21521920 DOI: 10.4103/0970-4388.79938
    Amelogenesis imperfecta represents a group of dental developmental conditions that are genomic in origin. Hypoplastic AI, hypomineralised AI or both in combination were the most common types seen clinically. This paper describes oral rehabilitation of a 9-year-old Malay girl with inherited hypoplastic AI using transparent thermoforming templates. The defective surface areas were reconstructed to their original dimensions on stone cast models of the upper and lower arches using composite, and transparent thermoform templates were fabricated on the models. The templates were used as crown formers to reconstruct the defective teeth clinically using esthetically matching composite. The usage of the templates allowed direct light curing of the composite, accurate reproducibility of the anatomic contours of the defective teeth, reduced chair-side time and easy contouring and placement of homogenous thickness of composite in otherwise inaccessible sites of the affected teeth.
  2. Fulltext Multiple supernumerary teeth in a child with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome: a rare feature
    Marimuthoo, Thavamalar, Sockalingam,S. Nagarajan M.P.
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2014;9(1):1-5.
    MyJurnal
    Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome is a multiple anomalies congenital disorder characterised by broad thumb and halluces, facial dysmorphism with mental and growth retardation. Oral features include small mouth, retro and micronagthic jaws, highly arched and narrow palate. Dental anomalies such as teeth with talon cusps and screwdriver shaped permanent incisors together with crowded teeth are common features in these patients. Although hyperdontia is said to be one of the features of this condition, nevertheless, presence of multiple supernumerary teeth has never been documented. This report highlighted a case of an eleven-year-old boy with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome referred for unerupted permanent incisors who exhibited multiple supernumerary teeth radiographically.
  3. Fulltext Bilateral accessory central cusp of 2nd deciduous molar: an unusual occurrence
    Sockalingam, S. Nagarajan M.P., Alida Mahyuddin
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2009;4(1):22-24.
    MyJurnal
    Presence of accessory cusp on the occlusal surface of a tooth may occasionally pose problems to dentists'. Although its presents may not be a cause for alarm in most instances, nevertheless it can lead to serious consequences if it is damaged. This report describes a rare finding of bilateral central accessory cusp seen on the occlusal surface of both the 2nd maxillary deciduous molars and the need for continuous dental surveillance and preventive measures have been highlighted.
  4. Fulltext Complicated crown root fracture treatment option: a case report
    Sockalingam, S. Nagarajan M.P., Alida Mahyuddin
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2009;4(1):25-28.
    MyJurnal
    Complicated crown-root fractures are rare and often need complex treatment planning. This paper describes a simplified treatment option for a complicated crown root fracture that minimally encroached into the biologic region in a growing child without the need for surgery or orthodontic treatment.
  5. Fulltext Comparative evaluation of the effect of a resin modified glass ionomer cement universal adhesive on the shear bond strength of glass ionomer cements
    Mohd Safwani Affan Alli Awang Talip, Ahmad Shuhud Irfani Zakaria, Sockalingam, S. Nagarajan M.P.
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2017;12(2):95-104.
    MyJurnal
    The present study compared and evaluated the shear bond strength (SBS) of two types of glass
    ionomer cement (GIC), Riva Self Cure HVTM (SDI Ltd., Victoria, Australia) and GC Fuji IX GP EXTRATM (GC
    America Inc., Alsip, USA) with and without the use of Riva Bond LCTM (SDI Ltd., Victoria, Australia), a lighted
    cured resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) universal adhesive. Sixty extracted sound premolars with
    prepared exposure of the dentine on the occlusal surface were randomly assigned into four groups according to
    the tested restorative materials. Shear bond strength (SBS) tests were performed by using the Shimadzu
    Universal Testing Machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute, and the values obtained were statistically
    analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. The inter-group comparison showed statistically significant
    differences in the SBS values between all the test groups (p < 0.001). A stereomicroscope was used to assess
    the modes of failure. Adhesive failures were predominant in adhesive groups (>80%) compared to higher
    cohesive failures found in the non-adhesive groups (>86%). A Spearman's rho correlation test performed to
    determine the association between SBS values and mode of failures had indicated positive correlations between
    the adhesive failure and SBS values in the adhesive groups (rs=0.86, p
  6. Oral health status in children and adolescents with haemophilia
    Othman NA, Sockalingam SN, Mahyuddin A
    Haemophilia, 2015 Sep;21(5):605-11.
    PMID: 25757137 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12657
    This case-controlled study aimed to evaluate the existing oral health status in children and adolescents with haemophilia. A total of 50 haemophilia patients and 50 matched controls aged seven to 16 years were recruited into the study. Clinical examination was carried out to determine dental caries experience, oral hygiene status and gingival condition in these two groups. Information regarding previous dental history, oral hygiene practices and dietary habits were also obtained. No significant difference was found in mean caries experience in primary and secondary dentitions (P = 0.86 and 0.32) and in Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S, P = 0.20) between both groups. However, a significantly higher proportion of haemophilia patients (24%) had better oral hygiene status as compared to the controls (2%, P = 0.004). Furthermore, there was a significant difference in Modified Gingival Index (MGI, P = 0.02) between the two groups with the study group having less gingival inflammation. A total of 88% (n = 44) of the haemophilia patients were registered and received dental treatment in specialist dental clinics. More than half (56%, n = 28) had frequent dental visits and only one-third of the haemophilia patients had history of hospitalization due to oral problems. There was no significant difference in oral hygiene practices and dietary habits between both groups. In general, haemophilia children and adolescents in this study had similar caries experience, a significantly better oral hygiene status and gingival health as compared to healthy controls. The main reason for this is the multidisciplinary approach implemented by medical health-care professionals as primary care provider and the dental team.
  7. Clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of symmetric polyneuropathy in a cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus patients
    Jasmin R, Sockalingam S, Ramanaidu LP, Goh KJ
    Lupus, 2015 Mar;24(3):248-55.
    PMID: 25253567 DOI: 10.1177/0961203314552115
    OBJECTIVE: Peripheral neuropathy in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is heterogeneous and its commonest pattern is symmetrical polyneuropathy. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence, clinical and electrophysiological features, disease associations and effects on function and quality of life of polyneuropathy in SLE patients, defined using combined clinical and electrophysiological diagnostic criteria.
    METHODS: Consecutive SLE patients seen at the University of Malaya Medical Centre were included. Patients with medication and other disorders known to cause neuropathy were excluded. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were obtained using a pre-defined questionnaire. Function and health-related quality of life was assessed using the modified Rankin scale and the SF-36 scores. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) were carried out in both upper and lower limbs. Polyneuropathy was defined as the presence of bilateral clinical symptoms and/or signs and bilateral abnormal NCS parameters.
    RESULTS: Of 150 patients, 23 (15.3%) had polyneuropathy. SLE-related polyneuropathy was mainly characterized by sensory symptoms of numbness/tingling and pain with mild signs of absent ankle reflexes and reduced pain sensation. Function was minimally affected and there were no differences in quality of life scores. NCS abnormalities suggested mild length-dependent axonal neuropathy, primarily in the distal lower limbs. Compared to those without polyneuropathy, SLE-related polyneuropathy patients were significantly older but had no other significant demographic or disease associations.
    CONCLUSIONS: SLE-related polyneuropathy is a chronic, axonal and predominantly sensory neuropathy, associated with older age. Its underlying pathogenetic mechanisms are unknown, although a possibility could be an increased susceptibility of peripheral nerves in SLE patients to effects of aging.
  8. Systemic lupus erythematosus in the multiethnic Malaysian population: disease expression and ethnic differences revisited
    Jasmin R, Sockalingam S, Cheah TE, Goh KJ
    Lupus, 2013 Aug;22(9):967-71.
    PMID: 23846232 DOI: 10.1177/0961203313496299
    OBJECTIVES: Ethnic differences in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been previously described in the multiethnic Malaysian population. However, there have since been many demographic and socioeconomic changes in the country. The aim of this study is to re-examine the clinical and immunological profiles of Malaysian SLE patients of different ethnic backgrounds.
    METHODS: Consecutive follow-up patients at the University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) from July 2010 until March 2011 were included in the study.
    RESULTS: The most common clinical manifestations were malar rash (61.3%), arthritis (52.3%), haematological disease (51.6%), oral ulcers (51%) and renal disease (40.6%). Ethnic Indians had fewer malar and discoid rashes but were at higher risk of arthritis, serositis, renal and neuropsychiatric disease compared to Malays and Chinese Malaysians. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) was less common in Chinese. A longer duration of SLE correlated with a lower SLEDAI score.
    CONCLUSION: Overall, the spectrum disease expression was similar to the earlier Malaysian study but the frequency of the more severe disease manifestations, viz. renal, haematological, neuropsychiatric involvements and serositis, were lower. This study further emphasises differences primarily between ethnic Indians and the other races in Malaysia.
    KEYWORDS: Indians; Malaysia; Systemic lupus erythematosus; clinical manifestations; ethnicity
  9. Polymyositis associated with hepatitis B: management with entacavir and prednisolone
    Wong MH, Sockalingam S, Zain A
    Int J Rheum Dis, 2011 Aug;14(3):e38-41.
    PMID: 21816012 DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-185X.2011.01602.x
    We report a 57-year-old woman with a 20-year history of hepatitis B presenting with progressive proximal lower limb weakness for the previous 1 month. Previous medical history included a pericardial and pleural effusion, of which no cause was found and pulmonary tuberculosis which has been adequately treated. Examination revealed multiple telangiactasia over face and nail beds and bilateral proximal lower limb weakness of power 4/5. Biochemical investigation revealed a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 36 mm/h, elevated creatinine kinase levels (14,363 IU/L) and raised liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase 445 IU/L, aspartate aminotransferase 606 IU/L) with high hepatitis B virus DNA (1,021,158 copies/mL). Nerve conduction tests and muscle biopsy were consistent with polymyositis. She received entacavir for hepatitis B treatment. Despite treatment with entacavir for 10 weeks, her weakness persisted and prednisolone was added. Upon commencement of prednisolone, her symptoms and biochemical profiles returned to normal.
  10. Prevalence of anti cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in Malaysian rheumatoid arthritis patients and its correlation with disease activity
    Sockalingam S, Chow SK, Sthaneshwar P
    Int J Rheum Dis, 2009 Sep;12(3):211-5.
    PMID: 20374348 DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-185X.2009.01412.x
    AIM: The objectives of this study are to provide data regarding the prevalence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies in Malaysian rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and to correlate the levels of anti-CCP antibody with the Disease Activity Score (DAS).
    METHOD: We studied the prevalence of anti-CCP antibodies in 51 RA patients attending our clinic and 29 controls. We also looked for correlation between anti-CCP antibody levels with the DAS and parameters such as duration of disease, rheumatoid factor (RF) and disease-modifying anti rheumatic drug (DMARD) usage.
    RESULTS: None of the controls demonstrated anti-CCP antibodies. Forty-one out of 51 patients (80.4%) were positive for anti-CCP antibodies. Sensitivity and specificity were 80.4% and 100% respectively in this study. Anti-CCP levels correlated significantly with rheumatoid factor, but no correlation was observed with the other parameters.
    CONCLUSIONS: Anti-CCP antibody is prevalent in Malaysian RA patients at 80.4% and more sensitive than RF in our cohort of established RA patients. Even though the anti-CCP levels correlated with RF, it did not show correlation with DAS.
  11. Fulltext Ultrasound assessment of synovial thickness of some of the metacarpophalangeal joints of hand in rheumatoid arthritis patients and the normal population
    Hussain Manik Z, George J, Sockalingam S
    Scientifica (Cairo), 2016;2016:5609132.
    PMID: 27190682 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5609132
    Objective. To compare ultrasound synovial thickness of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th metacarpophalangeal joints (MCPJ) in a group of patients with proven rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and a control group of normal individuals. Materials and Methods. This is a cross-sectional study comprising 30 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 30 healthy individuals. Ultrasound scans were performed at the dorsal side of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th MCPJ of both hands in RA patients and the healthy individuals. Synovial thickness was measured according to quantitative method. The synovial thickness of RA patients and healthy individuals was compared and statistical cut-off was identified. Results. Maximum synovial thickness was most often detected at the radial side of the 2nd MCPJ and 3rd MCPJ and ulnar side of the 4th MCPJ of both hands which is significantly higher (p < 0.05) in RA patients compared to healthy individuals. With high specificity (96%) and sensitivity (90%) the optimum cut-off value to distinguish RA patients and healthy individuals' synovial thickness differs for the radial side of the 2nd and 3rd MCPJ and ulnar side of the 4th MCPJ. Conclusion. Patients with early RA appear to exhibit a characteristic pattern of synovitis which shows radial side predominance in the 2nd and 3rd MCPJ and ulnar side in the 4th MCPJ.
    Study site: University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  12. Acute uveitic glaucoma in ankylosing spondylitis
    Ee CL, Sockalingam S, Kamalden TA
    Postgrad Med J, 2018 Jul;94(1113):417.
    PMID: 29907697 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-135560
  13. The use of intraoperative CT navigation for posterior cervical spine foraminotomy
    Tan BH, Sockalingam S, Ganesan D
    Br J Neurosurg, 2023 Jun 22.
    PMID: 37345453 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2023.2225611
    OBJECTIVES: Posterior cervical foraminotomy is a surgical procedure used to treat unilateral cervical radiculopathy. It provides direct decompression of the nerve root without the necessity of fusion while maintaining cervical mobility. With the advancement in image-guidance technology and minimal access techniques, intra-operative CT has provided a safer, more accurate instrumentation placement with less radiation exposure to operative staff and provides better anatomical visualization quality compared to traditional intra-operative imaging techniques. This case series aims to address the applications of advanced image guidance in posterior cervical foraminotomy and describe the nuances.

    METHOD: A technical report on a series of seven cases on intraoperative CT navigation for posterior cervical foraminotomy surgery. Posterior cervical foraminotomy was performed in all patients under CT guided navigation system without an image intensifier. In one case after the foraminotomy, the extruded disc was carefully removed by gentle retraction.

    RESULT: From 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2021, a total of seven patients with nine cervical foraminotomy procedures were performed using the aid of CT-guided navigation. The series comprised five women and two men whose mean age was 50.6 years. In all cases, the radiculopathy symptoms were diminished significantly. There were no cases of instability on the dynamic cervical radiograph. There were no complications during the surgical procedure.

    CONCLUSION: The navigation also allows the surgeon to localise the index level accurately and appraise the adequacy of the intended decompression in three planes of the CT scan image. The ability to perform accurate spine navigation would be the precursor for robotic spinal surgery.

  14. Myocardial infarction with normal coronaries: an unexpected finding in a 13-year-old girl with systemic lupus erythematosus
    Jasmin R, Ng CT, Sockalingam S, Yahya F, Cheah TE, Sadiq MA
    Lupus, 2013 Dec;22(14):1518-22.
    PMID: 24004952 DOI: 10.1177/0961203313503913
    We report a 13-year-old girl diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who presented with left-sided chest pain, with ECG changes and elevation troponins that were suggestive of an acute inferior wall myocardial infarction (MI). Her multi-slice computed tomography coronary angiogram and standard angiogram were normal. The cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed an area of infarcted myocardium that was in the right coronary artery territory. We believe her MI was most likely secondary to coronary vasospasm. MI is rare and coronary vasospasm is an uncommon cause of MI in children and adolescents with SLE.
  15. Open label randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy of mycophenolate sodium against other conventional immunosuppressive agents in active systemic lupus erythematosus patients without renal involvement
    Yahya F, Jasmin R, Ng CT, Cheah TE, Sockalingam S
    Int J Rheum Dis, 2013 Dec;16(6):724-30.
    PMID: 24119227 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185X.12179
    Mycophenolate is an immunosuppressive agent which has been used in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients who have failed conventional therapy. However, the use of mycophenolate sodium in extra-renal SLE involvement has yet to be established. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of mycophenolate sodium in extra-renal SLE.
  16. Painless ascites and elevated CA125: initial presentation of lupus-associated protein-losing enteropathy
    Ong CS, Cheah TE, Jasmin R, Yahya F, Sockalingam S, Ng CT
    Lupus, 2013 Oct;22(11):1174-7.
    PMID: 23886639 DOI: 10.1177/0961203313498792
    Lupus associated protein loosing enteropathy (LUPLE) is a rare gastrointestinal manifestation of SLE. We presented a case of painless ascites from serve hypoalbuminaemia secondary to LUPLE. The patient responded to a course of intravenous cyclophosphamide. The remission was maintained by azathioprine and low dose prednisolone.
  17. Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction: a rare first manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus
    Khairullah S, Jasmin R, Yahya F, Cheah TE, Ng CT, Sockalingam S
    Lupus, 2013 Aug;22(9):957-60.
    PMID: 23761180 DOI: 10.1177/0961203313492873
    Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a rare clinical syndrome of ineffective intestinal motility characterised by clinical and radiological evidence of intestinal obstruction with no identifiable mechanical lesion. CIPO can either be idiopathic or secondary to a systemic disease, like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Fewer than 30 cases of CIPO secondary to SLE have been reported so far. Here we describe a case of SLE with the initial presentation of CIPO. In SLE-related CIPO, treatment includes a combination of high-dose intravenous corticosteroids, immunosuppressants and supportive care. With awareness of this condition, unnecessary surgical intervention and repeated invasive procedures could be avoided. Early initiation of treatment would avoid complications and bring about resolution of symptoms.
  18. Successful treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with oral cyclophosphamide
    Jasmin R, Sockalingam S, Shahrizaila N, Cheah TE, Zain AA, Goh KJ
    Lupus, 2012 Sep;21(10):1119-23.
    PMID: 22433918 DOI: 10.1177/0961203312440346
    Peripheral neuropathy is a known manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. However, the association of primary autoimmune inflammatory neuropathies such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) with SLE is uncommon. We report a 26-year-old man who simultaneously presented with severe CIDP and photosensitive rash, but was unresponsive to intravenous immunoglobulin infusion and continued to progress. He was found to have underlying SLE and improved with combined corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy with oral cyclophosphamide. CIDP with underlying SLE may be more resistant to conventional therapy with IVIG, requiring the addition of other immunosuppressive agents.
  19. Fulltext Interceptive Correction of Anterior Crossbite Using Short-Span Wire-Fixed Orthodontic Appliance: A Report of Three Cases
    Sockalingam SNMP, Khan KAM, Kuppusamy E
    Case Rep Dent, 2018;2018:4323945.
    PMID: 29854482 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4323945
    Anterior crossbite is relatively a common presentation in the mixed dentition stage. If left untreated, it can lead to a host of problems and may complicate future orthodontic treatment. One of the major difficulties in performing anterior crossbite correction in young children is treatment compliance. In most cases, poor compliance is due to the unacceptability of the removable appliance used. This article describes three cases of successful correction of anterior crossbite of patients in mixed dentition using short-span wire-fixed orthodontic appliances. This sectional appliance provides an alternative method of correcting anterior crossbite of dental origin and offers many advantages compared to the use of removable appliances.
  20. Fulltext Maturogenesis of an Immature Dens Evaginatus Nonvital Premolar with an Apically Placed Bioceramic Material (EndoSequence Root Repair Material®): An Unexpected Finding
    Sockalingam SNMP, Awang Talip MSAA, Zakaria ASI
    Case Rep Dent, 2018;2018:6535480.
    PMID: 29977625 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6535480
    Dens evaginatus is a dental developmental anomaly that arises due to the folding of the inner dental epithelium that leads to the formation of an additional cusp or tubercle on the occlusal surface of the affected tooth. This accessory tissue projection may carry with it a narrow and constricted pulp horn extension. Occasionally, the tubercle easily fractures, thus leading to microexposure of the pulp horn and eventual pulp necrosis. Often, the pulp necrosis occurs at a time the root development of the affected tooth is incomplete. Apexification with calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregates has been the mainstay of treatment options before root canal obturation in immature nonvital permanent teeth. Lately, regenerative endodontics (maturogenesis) is becoming one of the preferred treatment modalities to manage such teeth. The current case highlights the possibility of a bioceramic material (EndoSequence Root Repair Material, BC RRM-Fast Set Putty™, Brasseler, USA) which supposed to provide apical root closure (apexification) and could also induce continuation of root growth (maturogenesis).
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