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  1. Elevated serum soluble programmed death ligand 1 (sPD-L1) level correlate with clinical characteristics in breast cancer patients: A study at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia
    Amira Khairil Anwar N, Najmi Mohd Nazri M, Rosliza Mohd Adzemi E, Amilda Anthony A, Mohd Azlan M, Balakrishnan V, et al.
    Cytokine, 2024 Jul 22;182:156698.
    PMID: 39042994 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156698
    BACKGROUND: Elevated serum levels of soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) have been reported in many cancers; however, there is limited data of sPD-L1 in breast cancer, especially those representing Asian (Malay) women. The purpose of this study was to evaluate sPD-L1 serum levels and analyze its correlation with clinical characteristics in breast cancer patients at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM).

    METHODS: Blood specimens were obtained from 92 malignant, 16 benign breast cancer patients and 23 healthy controls. The serum concentrations of sPD-L1 were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

    RESULTS: The median serum sPD-L1 concentration of malignant and benign breast cancer patients was significantly elevated compared to the healthy cohorts (12.50 ng/mL vs 13.97 ng/mL vs 8.75 ng/mL, p 

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