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  1. Fulltext Effectiveness of homologous and heterologous BNT162b2 and CoronaVac booster vaccination against severe COVID-19 outcomes
    Husin M, Tok PSK, Suah JL, Tng BH, Thevananthan T, Peariasamy KM, et al.
    J Infect Dev Ctries, 2025 Jan 31;19(1):9-12.
    PMID: 39977462 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.18946
    INTRODUCTION: Evidence of the waning immunity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) primary vaccination, and immune evasion by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants has led to the rollout of booster vaccination in many countries. Assessing the effectiveness of booster vaccination against severe COVID-19 outcomes is crucial during the transition to endemicity.

    METHODOLOGY: We conducted a population-based, matched case-control study in Malaysia to estimate the marginal vaccine effectiveness (mVE) of homologous and heterologous BNT162b2 and CoronaVac booster vaccination against COVID-19 related intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death in Delta-predominant and Omicron-predominant periods.

    RESULTS: Receipt of a booster vaccination - either homologous or heterologous for CoronaVac, and homologous for BNT162b2 - demonstrated mVE estimates of at least 70% against ICU admission and at least 80% against death, compared to BNT162b2 primary vaccination, in both periods. Overall, the mVE estimates were 10-20 percentage points lower in the Omicron-predominant period than in the Delta-predominant period.

    CONCLUSIONS: Our study reaffirms that the administration of booster vaccination increases protection against severe COVID-19 outcomes for BNT162b2 and CoronaVac primary vaccination recipients.

  2. Fulltext PICK-ing Malaysia's Epidemic Apart: Effectiveness of a Diverse COVID-19 Vaccine Portfolio
    Suah JL, Tok PSK, Ong SM, Husin M, Tng BH, Sivasampu S, et al.
    Vaccines (Basel), 2021 Nov 24;9(12).
    PMID: 34960126 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121381
    Malaysia rolled out a diverse portfolio of predominantly three COVID-19 vaccines (AZD1222, BNT162b2, and CoronaVac) beginning 24 February 2021. We evaluated vaccine effectiveness with two methods, covering 1 April to 15 September 2021: (1) the screening method for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and symptomatic COVID-19; and (2) a retrospective cohort of confirmed COVID-19 cases for COVID-19 related ICU admission and death using logistic regression. The screening method estimated partial vaccination to be 48.8% effective (95% CI: 46.8, 50.7) against COVID-19 infection and 33.5% effective (95% CI: 31.6, 35.5) against symptomatic COVID-19. Full vaccination is estimated at 87.8% effective (95% CI: 85.8, 89.7) against COVID-19 infection and 85.4% effective (95% CI: 83.4, 87.3) against symptomatic COVID-19. Among the cohort of confirmed COVID-19 cases, partial vaccination with any of the three vaccines is estimated at 31.3% effective (95% CI: 28.5, 34.1) in preventing ICU admission, and 45.1% effective (95% CI: 42.6, 47.5) in preventing death. Full vaccination with any of the three vaccines is estimated at 79.1% effective (95% CI: 77.7, 80.4) in preventing ICU admission and 86.7% effective (95% CI: 85.7, 87.6) in preventing deaths. Our findings suggest that full vaccination with any of the three predominant vaccines (AZD1222, BNT162b2, and CoronaVac) in Malaysia has been highly effective in preventing COVID-19 infection, symptomatic COVID-19, COVID-19-related ICU admission, and death.
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