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  1. Assayaghi RM, Alabsi AM, Swethadri G, Ali AM
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2019 Oct 01;20(10):3071-3075.
    PMID: 31653156 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2019.20.10.3071
    BACKGROUND: Treatment of cancer with chemo-radiotherapy causes severe side effects due to cytotoxic effects towards normal tissues which often results in morbidity. Therefore, developing anticancer agents which can selectively target the cancer cells and cause less side effects are the main objectives of the new therapeutic strategies for treatment advanced or metastatic cancers. Newcastle disease virus strains AF2240 and V4-UPM were shown to be cytolytic against various cancer cells in-vitro and very effective as antileukemicagents.

    METHODS: 45 rats at 6 weeks of age, were randomly assigned to nine groups with 5 rats in each group, both azoxymethane (AOM) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) were given to rats according to the body weight. NDV virus strains (AF2240 and V4-UPM) doses were determined to rats according to CD50 resulted from MTT assay. After 8 doses of NDV strians and 5-FU, tissue sections preparations and histopathological study of rats' organs were done.

    RESULTS: In this article morphological changes of rats' organs, especially in livers, after treatment with a colon carcinogen (azoxymethane) and Newcastle disease virus strains have been recorded. We observed liver damage caused by AOM evidenced by morphological changes and enzymatic elevation were protected by the oncolytic viruses sections. Also we found that combination treatment NDV with 5-FU had greater antitumor efficacy than treatment with NDV or 5-FU alone.

    CONCLUSION: We noted morphological changes in liver and other rats' organs due to a chemical carcinogen and their protection by NDV AF2240 and NDV V4-UPM seems to be most protective.

  2. Htwe TT, Hamdi MM, Swethadri GK, Wong JO, Soe MM, Abdullah MS
    Singapore Med J, 2009 Jul;50(7):724-8.
    PMID: 19644631
    Thyroid cancer is the most common among all endocrine malignancies. The worldwide prevalence of goitre in the general population is estimated at 4-7 percent and the incidence of malignancy in goitrous thyroid is about ten percent. It is postulated that goitrous thyroid is a precursor lesion to the development of malignant thyroid diseases. As Sarawak is a state well known for endemic goitre, this study focused on establishing the incidence of thyroid malignancy among goitrous thyroid swellings.
  3. Than TH, Swethadri GK, Wong J, Ahmad T, Jamil D, Maganlal RK, et al.
    Singapore Med J, 2008 Apr;49(4):333-8.
    PMID: 18418527
    It has been suggested that Galectin-3 (Gal-3) and Galectin-7 (Gal-7) are potential tumour markers for differentiating thyroid carcinoma from its benign counter part. Galectins are beta-galactoside-binding proteins with Gal-3 being a redundant pre-mRNA splicing factor. They are supposed to be p53-related regulators in cell growth and apoptosis, being either anti-apoptotic or pro-apoptotic. Although the value of Gal-3 has been studied extensively, there is little knowledge regarding the expression of Gal-7 in thyroid malignancy.
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