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Fulltext Functional outcome of open reduction and internal fixation of pelvic ring injuries

Tee SS, Hyzan Y, Razak M

Med J Malaysia, 2000 Sep;55 Suppl C:49-58.
PMID: 11200045

Between January 1996 and August 1998, 15 patients with pelvic ring injuries were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. Fractures types included Tile A1 (7%), B1 (33%), C1 (53%) and C3 (7%). The patients were observed for an average of 1 year (range: 5 to 21 months). Thirteen patients (87%) who were operated within 3 weeks after injury had their pelvic disruption healed. One patient with Tile C1 and non-union of the fracture dislocation of sacroiliac joint was operated 11 months after injury and developed implant failure and non-union of the fracture dislocation of sacroiliac joint. Another patient with Tile C1 injury with transforamina sacral fracture was fixed anteriorly only and developed non-union of the sacral fracture and redisplacement of pelvic disruption. Both of them had a poor functional outcome. A 40 points pelvic outcome grading scale (Cole et al 1996) based on physical examination, pain, radiographic analysis and activity/work status was used. Six patients (40%) (1 Tile A1, 5 Tile B1) had an excellent functional outcome. Seven patients (47%) (6 Tile C1, 1 Tile C3) had a good functional outcome.
Fulltext No evidence for association between DRD3 and COMT with schizophrenia in a Malay population

Tee SF, Tang PY, Loh HC

Genet. Mol. Res., 2011;10(3):1850-5.
PMID: 21948748 DOI: 10.4238/vol10-3gmr1237

Molecular components of the dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) may play an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Previous studies have demonstrated an association between DRD3 Ser9Gly and cathechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT, SNP = rs165656) polymorphisms and schizophrenia but the results were inconclusive. We investigated this apparent association between Ser9Gly (A/G) polymorphism and an intronic SNP (dbSNP or rs165656) in 261 Malay patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 216 controls, using PCR-RFLP. The genotype distribution of the polymorphism DRD3 Ser9Gly was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) for patients (P = 0.1251) and out of HWE for controls (P = 0.0137). However, both healthy controls and schizophrenia patients were out of HWE for the polymorphism COMT rs165656. Based on allele and genotype frequencies in both groups, we found no significant association of DRD3 Ser9Gly polymorphisms and COMT (rs165656) with schizophrenia in Malays. Further studies should examine the association between other dopamine-related genes and the behavioral phenotypes of schizophrenia.
Fulltext An unusual cause of efferent loop obstruction

Sukumar N, Shukri J, Jegan T, Tee SS

Med J Malaysia, 2002 Jun;57(2):221-4.
PMID: 24326657

A patient who presented with massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage underwent a Billroth II partial gastrectomy. He developed efferent loop obstruction due to a retained abdominal drain. Relaparotomy for removal of drain was performed. Retained drains are known complications but rarely, it is cause of efferent loop obstruction.
Genetic Association Analysis of Dopamine DRD3 Ser9Gly Polymorphism and Schizophrenia in Malay Population

Tee S, Tang P, Loh H

Iran J Public Health, 2011;40(2):6-10.
PMID: 23113067

BACKGROUND: Molecular components of the dopamine receptor (DRD3) play an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ). Previous studies have demonstrated an association between the DRD3 Ser9Gly polymorphism and SCZ but the results have been inconclusive.
METHOD: In this study, we investigated this controversial association between the Ser9Gly (A/G) polymorphism and SCZ using Malay cases-control (261 cases/157 controls) samples. PCR-RFLP was performed to genotype the distribution of the DRD3 Ser9Gly polymorphism.
RESULTS: Both healthy control and SCHZ patient groups were in of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the analyzed genetic variability. There was a significant association between the genotype distribution DRD3 polymorphisms and SCZ (χ(2)= 9.359; df = 2; P = 0.009).
CONCLUSION: We believe that further studies are required to examine the association between others dopamine-related genes and the behavioral phenotypes of SCZ.
Fulltext Linkage of schizophrenia with TPH2 and 5-HTR2A gene polymorphisms in the Malay population

Tee SF, Chow TJ, Tang PY, Loh HC

Genet. Mol. Res., 2010;9(3):1274-8.
PMID: 20623453 DOI: 10.4238/vol9-3gmr789

The serotoninergic system has been implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia and other behavioral disorders. Association studies have focused on the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene (TPH2) and the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A gene (5-HTR2A). We genotyped two single-nucleotide polymorphisms, A1438G of 5-HTR2A and intronic rs1386494 of TPH2 in the Malay population, using a sample size of 289 schizophrenic patients and 130 healthy controls. We found a significant association of A1438G of 5-HTR2A with schizophrenia in Malays. On the other hand, TPH2 polymorphism was not associated with schizophrenia. This is the first genetic association study concerning schizophrenia in the Malay population.
Fulltext BDNF and DARPP-32 genes are not risk factors for schizophrenia in the Malay population

Loh HC, Tang PY, Tee SF, Chow TJ, Cheah YC, Singh SS

Genet. Mol. Res., 2012;11(1):725-30.
PMID: 22576830 DOI: 10.4238/2012.March.22.2

A number of studies have pointed to the association of BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and DARPP-32 (dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, 32 kDa) with schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether these two genes are involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia in the Malay population. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms Val66Met of BDNF, -2036C>G and g.1238delG of DARPP-32 were genotyped in the Malay population in 200 patients with schizophrenia and 256 healthy controls. Analysis of allele and genotype frequencies in these two groups revealed no significant association of BDNF or DARPP-32 polymorphisms with schizophrenia in Malays. This is the first such association study in the Malay population.
The effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) extract and dietary selenium on distribution of selenium in hepatocarcinogenesis induced rat

Hanachi P, Loh LN, Fauziah O, Rafiuz ZH, Tee ST, Lye CW, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:208-9.
PMID: 15468891

Neem, Azadirachta indica, is a plant from the family Meliaceae, known as "Pokok Semambu" in Malay community. It has been extensively used in India as traditional Ayurvedic and folklore minedicine for the treatment of various diseases. This study aimed to determine the distribution of selenium in the liver of rats during hepatocarcinogenesis when neem aqueous extract and dietary selenium was supplemented.
The impact of prehabilitation in upper gastrointestinal cancer underwent major surgery

Ramizah MS, Tee SC, Muhammad SJ, Abdul AH, Shahabuddin NH, Saiyidah Adila A

Med J Malaysia, 2023 Jan;78(1):39-45.
PMID: 36715190

INTRODUCTION: Several risk factors found to be associated with postoperative complications and cancer surgery, which carry a significant morbidity risk to cancer patients. Therefore, prehabilitation is necessary to improve the functional capability and nutritional status of a patient prior to surgery, so that the patient can withstand any postoperative activity and associated deterioration. Thus, this study aims to assess the effectiveness of prehabilitation interventions on the functional status of patients with gastric and oesophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy and gastrectomy.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: An interventional study was carried out among oesophageal and gastric cancer patients who had undergone surgery at the National Cancer Institute of Malaysia. The prehabilitation process took a maximum of two weeks, depending on the patient's optimisation before surgery. The prehabilitation is based on functional capacity (ECOG performance status), muscle function (handgrip strength), cardio-respiratory function (peak flow meter) and nutritional status (calorie and protein). Postoperative outcomes are measured based on the length of hospital stay, complications, and Clavien-Dindo Classification.
RESULTS: Thirty-one patients were recruited to undergo a prehabilitation intervention prior to gastrectomy (n=21) and esophagectomy (n=10). Demographically, most of the cancer patients were males (67.7%) with an ideal mean of BMI (23.5±6.0). Physically, the majority of them had physical class (ASA grade) Grade 2 (67.7%), ECOG performance status of 1 (61.3%) and SGA grade B (51.6%). The functional capacity and nutritional status showed a significant improvement after one week of prehabilitation interventions: peak expiratory flow meter (p<0.001), handgrip (p<0.001), ECOG performance (p<0.001), walking distance (p<0.001), incentive spirometry (p<0.001), total body calorie (p<0.001) and total body protein (p=0.004). However, those patients who required two weeks of prehabilitation for optimization showed only significant improvement in peak expiratory flow meter (p<0.001), handgrip (p<0.001), and incentive spirometry (p<0.001). Prehabilitation is significantly associated postoperatively with the length of hospital stay (p=0.028), complications (p=0.011) and Clavien-Dindo Classification (p=0.029).
CONCLUSION: Prehabilitation interventions significantly increase the functional capacity and nutritional status of cancer patients preoperatively; concurrently reducing hospital stays and complications postoperatively. However, certain cancer patients might require over two weeks of prehabilitation to improve the patient's functional capacity and reduce complications postoperatively.