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  1. Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Vietnamese Children, 6 to 11 Years Old
    Le Nguyen Bao K, Tran Thuy N, Nguyen Huu C, Khouw I, Deurenberg P
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2016 07;28(5 Suppl):94S-102S.
    PMID: 27052301 DOI: 10.1177/1010539516641506
    In a population sample of 385 children, 6 to 11 years old, venous blood parameters-hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, red blood cell count (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), C-reactive protein (CRP), and α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP)-were determined to get insight into the iron status. The prevalence of anemia was 11.4%; 5.6% had iron deficiency (ID), whereas 0.4% had ID anemia. Correction for inflammation based on CRP and AGP did not markedly change the overall prevalence of ID and ID anemia. Stunted children had lower Hb and ferritin values compared with nonstunted children, and thin children had lower values compared with normal-weight or overweight and obese children. Many nonanemic children had alert values for RBC, MCV, MCH, and MCHC. It is concluded that although the prevalence of anemia is of the magnitude of a mild public health problem, the iron status of many nonanemic children is borderline, as indicated by a high number of children with low values for red blood cytology.
  2. Discordance in exclusive breastfeeding between maternal recall and deuterium dose-to-mother technique during the first 6 months of infants: A multi-country study in Asia
    Winichagoon P, Pongcharoen T, Fadjarwati T, Winarno E, Karim NA, Purevsuren E, et al.
    Eur J Clin Nutr, 2024 Feb;78(2):135-140.
    PMID: 37838807 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01353-0
    PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the agreement in EBF between maternal recall and the dose-to-mother (DTM) technique.

    METHODS: Indonesia, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam participated in the study. A total of 207 and 118 mother-infant pairs were assessed at 3 and 6 months of child's age. Using a standardized questionnaire, mothers were asked to recall child feeding during the previous 24 h, at 3 and 6 months. Those recalled to be EBF proceeded to be assessed using DTM technique. Non-milk oral intake (NMOI) cutoff of 86.6 g/d was used to classify EBF.

    RESULTS: According to DTM, 66% of infants were EBF at 3 months, while only 22% were EBF at 6 months. At 3 months, the overall % agreement between maternal recall and DTM method was 68%, kappa 0.06 (95% CI: 0.07-0.20), and at 6 months, the % agreement was only 21%, kappa -0.031 (95% CI -0.168 to 0.107). Human milk intakes were similar at 3 months and 6 months when expressed as g/d, but decreased when expressed as g/kg/d, with a large variation within and between countries; Pakistan being the lowest.

    CONCLUSION: This study showed there were declining levels of EBF from 3 to 6 months in the participating countries from Asia and the agreement between maternal recall and DTM technique to classify EBF was low. To ensure that the DTM technique can be more widely used in evaluating breastfeeding promotion programs, consensus on the appropriate NMOI cutoff and simplification of the DTM protocol is necessary.

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