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  1. Fulltext Red Spectral Shift in Sensitive Colorimetric Detection of Tuberculosis by ESAT-6 Antigen-Antibody Complex: a New Strategy with Gold Nanoparticle
    Wang FA, Lakshmipriya T, Gopinath SCB
    Nanoscale Res Lett, 2018 Oct 23;13(1):331.
    PMID: 30353254 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2753-5
    Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly contagious life-threatening disease caused by the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ESAT-6, an abundant early secretory antigenic target protein by M. tuberculosis, found to play a vital role in virulence. Developing a friendly method for the detection of ESAT-6 at the lower concentration facilitates to treat TB at an earlier stage and helps to control the spreading of disease. Herein, a new single-step approach was designed and was done by pre-mixing ESAT-6 and antibody before being added to the gold nanoparticle (GNP) followed by the salt-induced aggregation. We could attain the detection limit of 1.25 pM, showing the aggregation of GNP and the red spectral shift. Further, a higher specificity was demonstrated with the lack of electrostatic biofouling by ESAT-6 on GNP and retained the dispersed GNP in the presence of 10-kDa culture filtrate protein from M. tuberculosis. The required precise antibody concentration for this assay was found to be 60 nM. The increment in the antibody concentration from 75 nM drastically diminishes the sensitivity to ~ 680-fold, due to the crowding effect. With this assay, we attested the suitability of colorimetric assay for efficiently detecting the smaller-sized protein.
  2. Fulltext Optimizing brand loyalty through user-centric product package design: A study of user experience in dairy industry
    Wang F, Wang Y, Han Y, Cho JH
    Heliyon, 2024 Feb 15;10(3):e25484.
    PMID: 38352763 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25484
    OBJECTIVE: With the arrival of the experience economy era, changes in the marketing environment, and the evolution of consumer psychological needs, a good user experience will bring them freshness. Based on user experience, this paper analyzes the relationship among product brand image, brand trust, and brand loyalty, aiming to promote product values and improve brand loyalty and trust.

    METHODS: Through case analysis, consumers' favorite brands were selected and conducted positioning analysis on brand color, image, package form, and so on. The study proposed a hypothetical model of user experience on brand loyalty and performed a questionnaire survey on 357 consumers. The relational model of the impact of user experience on consumers was verified using the SEM (Structural Equation Model) method.

    RESULTS: It is shown that sensory experience, emotional experience, behavioral experience, and thinking experience have significant impacts on brand image; brand image apparently affects brand trust; and brand trust and image remarkably influence brand loyalty.

    CONCLUSIONS: Extending the concept of user experience to the fast-moving consumer goods industry will contribute to the package design of products and the theory and practice of brand loyalty. The research findings can provide effective strategies and approaches for marketers to improve product market competitiveness and enhance consumer brand stickiness.

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