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CT and MRI findings of acute calculous cholecystitis and its complications in Singapore: A pictorial review

Wee NK, Cheong WSC, Low HM

Med J Malaysia, 2021 09;76(5):706-713.
PMID: 34508378

INTRODUCTION: Acute cholecystitis (AC) is a common problem encountered in surgical practice. This occurs due to obstruction of the cystic duct by calculi resulting in inflammation of the gallbladder. Increasingly, contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans are being used for assessment. While the imaging features of AC are well recognized and extensively described in the literature, radiological features of the rarer complications related to AC such as pseudoaneurysm formation and gallbladder volvulus are less well known. We aim to describe these rarer findings in our pictorial review, to better educate the clinician and radiologist, such that timely diagnoses can be reached, and relevant management can be affected.
METHODS: A collection of cases showing the common acute gallbladder pathologies and complications such as acute cholecystitis, gangrenous cholecystitis, emphysematous cholecystitis, haemorrhagic cholecystitis, Mirizzi's syndrome, gallbladder perforation and abscess formation, were collected between July 2016 and March 2018 at two different medical institutions in Singapore. In addition, rarer cases of gallbladder volvulus and vascular complications such as cystic artery pseudoaneurysms and vessel erosions, were also followed up.
RESULTS: The CT and MRI imaging features of these conditions were discussed, with key diagnostic imaging features emphasized.
CONCLUSION: Acute gallbladder pathologies are commonly encountered in day-to-day radiology practice. Knowledge of the rarer gallbladder pathologies and their key imaging features will help the radiologist, in particular, the on call radiologist in training, improve diagnostic accuracy and allow for timely management.
Fulltext Position Statements of the Emerging Trends Committee of the Asian Oceanian Society of Radiology on the Adoption and Implementation of Artificial Intelligence for Radiology

Wee NK, Git KA, Lee WJ, Raval G, Pattokhov A, Ho ELM, et al.

Korean J Radiol, 2024 Jul;25(7):603-612.
PMID: 38942454 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2024.0419

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly gaining recognition in the radiology domain as a greater number of radiologists are becoming AI-literate. However, the adoption and implementation of AI solutions in clinical settings have been slow, with points of contention. A group of AI users comprising mainly clinical radiologists across various Asian countries, including India, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Uzbekistan, formed the working group. This study aimed to draft position statements regarding the application and clinical deployment of AI in radiology. The primary aim is to raise awareness among the general public, promote professional interest and discussion, clarify ethical considerations when implementing AI technology, and engage the radiology profession in the ever-changing clinical practice. These position statements highlight pertinent issues that need to be addressed between care providers and care recipients. More importantly, this will help legalize the use of non-human instruments in clinical deployment without compromising ethical considerations, decision-making precision, and clinical professional standards. We base our study on four main principles of medical care-respect for patient autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice.

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