There is some evidence representing the sequential formation and elimination of electrical and chemical synapses in particular brain regions. Relying on this feature, this paper presents a purely mathematical modeling study on the synchronization among neurons connected by transient electrical synapses transformed to chemical synapses over time. This deletion and development of synapses are considered consecutive. The results represent that the transient synapses lead to burst synchronization of the neurons while the neurons are resting when both synapses exist constantly. The period of the transitions and also the time of presence of electrical synapses to chemical ones are effective on the synchronization. The larger synchronization error is obtained by increasing the transition period and the time of chemical synapses' existence.
Systematically analysing the relative importance and hierarchical relationships among the influencing factors of the cross-border e-commerce ecosystem holds rich theoretical value and practical significance for the development of this ecosystem. A total of 19 influencing factors covering four aspects affecting the cross-border e-commerce ecosystem are identified by means of the relevant literature, web pages, research, and discussions with relevant experts and scholars, and the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and interpretative structural modeling (ISM) method is used to analyse the cause-effect correlation of each factor and to obtain a cause-effect diagram and a multi-level recursive structure model. The results show that three factors, i.e., the e-commerce platform development level, cross-border e-commerce competitiveness, and the cross-border e-commerce transaction scale, have a greater degree of influence on the other influencing factors. Additionally, three factors, i.e., the information development level, GDP, and cross-border online shopping demand, are vulnerable to the influence of the other factors. The level of cross-border e-commerce platform development, cross-border e-commerce competitiveness, and inter-firm competition are the root factors and occupy an important position in the cross-border e-commerce ecosystem as influencing factors and influence the stability of the cross-border e-commerce ecosystem by affecting the other factors.