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Biomarkers as diagnostic tests for delayed graft function in kidney transplantation

Lai C, Yee SY, Ying T, Chadban S

Transpl Int, 2021 12;34(12):2431-2441.
PMID: 34626503 DOI: 10.1111/tri.14132

Delayed graft function (DGF) after kidney transplantation is associated with inferior outcomes and higher healthcare costs. DGF is currently defined as the requirement for dialysis within seven days post-transplant; however, this definition is subjective and nonspecific. Novel biomarkers have potential to improve objectivity and enable earlier diagnosis of DGF. We reviewed the literature to describe the range of novel biomarkers previously studied to predict DGF. We identified marked heterogeneity and low reporting quality of published studies. Among the novel biomarkers, serum NGAL had the greatest potential as a biomarker to predict DGF, but requires further assessment and validation through larger scale studies of diagnostic test performance. Given inadequacies in the dialysis-based definition, coupled with the high incidence and impact of DGF, such studies should be pursued.
Clinical and microbiologic effect of local application of curcumin as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in periodontitis: Systematic review

Chaubal TV, Ywen BS, Ying Ying T, Bapat R

Ir J Med Sci, 2024 Feb 20.
PMID: 38376640 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-024-03635-3

BACKGROUND: The main aim of periodontal therapy is to halt the progression of periodontitis. Curcumin, one of the main components of Curcumin longa, has been well known to possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and even anticarcinogenic properties. This systematic review assessed the impact of local application of curcumin in the pocket on the clinical and microbiologic parameters as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in periodontitis patients.
METHODS: The electronic literature search retrieved 61 studies from PubMed, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect. After screening titles, abstracts, and keywords and reading through these articles, we identified 9 articles meeting all inclusion criteria, which were included for systematic review.
RESULTS: There was a significant difference in both clinical parameters in a short duration of a month after curcumin chips were placed as an adjunct to scaling and root planing as compared to the control. Local application of curcumin also results in slight to significant reduction in the red complex microorganisms.
CONCLUSION: This review suggested that local application of curcumin can be considered as a viable adjunct to mechanical debridement in periodontitis. However, further studies need to be conducted to establish its optimum dose, delivery method, and frequency in achieving the best clinical outcomes.
The role of bevacizumab on tumour angiogenesis and in the management of gynaecological cancers: A review

Chellappan DK, Leng KH, Jia LJ, Aziz NABA, Hoong WC, Qian YC, et al.

Biomed Pharmacother, 2018 Jun;102:1127-1144.
PMID: 29710531 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.061

OBJECTIVE: The study aims to analyze the effectiveness of bevacizumab in addressing the complications associated with gynecological cancers and evaluates effective treatments for various gynecological cancers.
METHODS: The study follows a systematic review approach that has been implemented to analyze the qualitative published data from previous studies. Studies related with the trials of angiogenesis and bevacizumab were selected in the review.
RESULTS: In general, the management of gynecological cancers include chemotherapy, surgery and radiation therapy. Results suggest bevacizumab as an effective treatment modality for cervical and several other cancers. Overall, bevacizumab showed promising results in improving the overall survival rate of gynecological cancer patients through the combination of bevacizumab with other chemotherapeutic agents.
CONCLUSION: Bevacizumab possess less documented adverse effects when compared to other chemotherapeutic agents. The manifestation and severity of adverse effects reported varied according to the chemotherapeutic agent(s) that were used with bevacizumab in combination therapy. Overall, bevacizumab effectively improved the survival rate in patients with several gynaecological cancers.
Fulltext A broadly neutralizing germline-like human monoclonal antibody against dengue virus envelope domain III

Hu D, Zhu Z, Li S, Deng Y, Wu Y, Zhang N, et al.

PLoS Pathog, 2019 06;15(6):e1007836.
PMID: 31242272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007836

Dengue is the most widespread vector-borne viral disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) for which there are no safe, effective drugs approved for clinical use. Here, by using sequential antigen panning of a yeast antibody library derived from healthy donors against the DENV envelop protein domain III (DIII) combined with depletion by an entry defective DIII mutant, we identified a cross-reactive human monoclonal antibody (mAb), m366.6, which bound with high affinity to DENV DIII from all four DENV serotypes. Immunogenetic analysis indicated that m366.6 is a germline-like mAb with very few somatic mutations from the closest VH and Vλ germline genes. Importantly, we demonstrated that it potently neutralized DENV both in vitro and in the mouse models of DENV infection without detectable antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect. The epitope of m366.6 was mapped to the highly conserved regions on DIII, which may guide the design of effective dengue vaccine immunogens. Furthermore, as the first germline-like mAb derived from a naïve antibody library that could neutralize all four DENV serotypes, the m366.6 can be a tool for exploring mechanisms of DENV infection, and is a promising therapeutic candidate.