PR-10 is a member of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes elicited by the plant’s defense mechanism during pathogen attack.
Elevated expression of PR-10 upon different pathogen invasions has been observed in many plant species suggesting
its role as an anti-bacterial, anti-viral and anti-fungal gene. However, the effect of PR-10 in mitigating the infection of
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), the causal agent of Fusarium wilt in banana has not been reported. In this
study, the coding sequences of PR-10 gene isolated from Foc resistant Musa acuminata ssp. malaccensis (MaPR-10)
were integrated into a local Foc susceptible commercial banana cultivar, Berangan via co-cultivation of embryogenic
cell suspension and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Out of 17 putative transgenic lines established, 11 of them positively
harbored MaPR-10. Among these, Line-19 plantlets showed the most rapid in-vitro propagation and successfully overexpressed the transgene. Following a nursery challenge experiment with a virulent Foc race 4 (CI HIR) isolate, about 30%
of Line-19 plants showed a one-week delay in disease progression when compared to the untransformed controls. From
the final evaluation performed in the 5th week-post-inoculation, the leaf symptoms index (LSI) and rhizome discoloration
index (RDI) of Line-19 was 3.4 and 6.1, respectively, indicating the disease had progressed. The findings of this study
enrich the current existing knowledge on the roles of PR-10 in combating fungal disease in plants.
The extraction of intact RNA from oocyte is quite challenging and time-consuming. A standard protocol using commercial RNA extraction kit, yields a low quantity of RNA in oocytes. In the past, several attempts in getting RNA for gene expression study ended up with a few different modified methods. Extraction of high-quality RNA from oocyte is important before further downstream analyses such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, or northern blot analysis. In this review, the efficiency of RNA extraction methods from all species oocytes was compared between published articles and our research to gather all possible methods of RNA extraction. Two different methods of RNA extraction that were proposed from various experiments were reviewed to determine the best method of RNA extraction from the oocyte. Modified TRIzol method can be concluded as an efficient RNA extraction method especially for good RNA from oocytes. Meanwhile, comparing RNA extraction kits to extract the RNA from oocytes or pre-implantation embryos, the micro RNA extraction kit type is the best. Therefore, an appropriate RNA extraction method is important to obtain high quality of total RNA for gene expression profiling analysis.