The effects of Brij 35 micelles, CTABr micelles, and mixed Brij 35-CTABr micelles on the acid-base behavior of phenyl salicylate (PST) have been studied in aqueous solution containing 2% v/v acetonitrile. The apparent pK(b) (pK(app)(b)) of PST is decreased by 1.5 pK units with the increase in [Brij 35] from 0 to 0.02 M which is attributed to micellar medium effect. The values of pK(app)(b) remain almost independent of [CTABr] within its range 0.01-0.03 M. The increase in [CTABr] from 0 to 0.03 M in aqueous solution containing 0.02 M Brij 35 has not resulted in a change in pK(app)(b). This shows that the characeristic structural features of nonionic Brij 35 micelles remain essentially unchanged on addition of CTABr under the present experimental conditions. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) has been threatening the giant freshwater prawn aquaculture since 1997, causing white tail disease in the prawn species that leads to 100% lethality of the infected postlarvae. Comprehension of the viral infectivity and pathogenesis at molecular biology level has recently resolved the viral capsid protein and evidenced the significant difference in the viral structural protein compared to other nodaviruses that infect fish and insect. Cumulative researches have remarked the proposal to assert MrNV as a member of new genus, gammanodavirus to the Nodaviridae family. The significance of molecular biology in MrNV infection is being highlighted in this current review, revolving the viral life cycle from virus binding and entry into host, virus replication in host cell, to virus assembly and release. The current review also highlights the emerging aptamers technology that is also known as synthetic antibody, its application in disease diagnosis, and its prophylactic and therapeutic properties. The future perspective of synthetic virology technology in understanding viral pathogenesis, as well as its potential in viral vaccine development, is also discussed.
• Unilateral absence of the pulmonary artery (UAPA) is a rare congenital condition. • Patients with UAPA may present initially following recurrent bouts of pneumonia. • Echocardiography remains a useful tool for diagnosis in resource-limited settings.
• TR can be due to either primary or secondary causes. • Primary TR due to congenital hypoplasia of leaflets is rare. • Multimodality imaging is key in identifying the cause of TR.