The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the effects of rainfall intensity and aggregate sizes on sediment concentration and hydraulic parameters. Flow velocity, flow width, shear stress and stream power are the hydraulic parameters. The impact of various rainfall intensities with differing aggregate sizes (D1.18 mm and D2.00 mm) was also studied. Under the rainfall simulator, the different aggregate sizes, D1.18 mm and D2.00 mm, were set up at a slope angle of 20o. The flow of runoff was collected for 2 hours at several intervals (30, 60, 90 and 120 min). Then, the hydraulic parameters and concentration of the sediment were measured. As a result, the increased rate of rainfall creates a higher concentration of sediment on a steep slope from 7.988 to 3233.569 gm-3 and 2.954 to 976.736 gm- 3 for aggregate sizes D1.18 mm and D2.00 mm, respectively. Generally, as the flow depth and shear stress were reduced, the estimated sediment concentration was higher. On the other hand, flow velocity and unit stream power were directly related to the sediment concentrations.
During a disaster, the rescuer must reach the disaster area within the fastest time with the help of navigation tools. However, there might be some obstacles during the night time that make the evacuation of the victims difficult especially due to the bad weather. Hence, an attempt to produce glow-in-the-dark emergency signage to ease the evacuation process and to enhance visibility during night time is necessary. In this present study, particular emphasis is given to investigate the characteristic of photo-luminescent (PL)powder applied with polyester resin as glow-in-the-dark emergency signage. Five samples of signage were fabricated with different percentage of PL powder, i.e. 20%, 40%. 60%, 80% and 100% and mixed with 150g polyester resin. Three types of luminance test were performed to check the workability of the samples. The tests are physical appearance, one-hours illuminance test and afterglow duration tests. The result showed that the maximum lux meter reading was recorded in Sample 5 with 6 lux luminosity and provided the longest glow duration of the sample before completely off after 12-hours. Results proved that the highest percentage of the PL powder content, the longer the afterglow duration will be achieved. It also noted that the polyester resin could be a good binder of PL powder for producing the glow-in-the-dark emergency signage.