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Validity of body composition methods across ethnic population groups

Deurenberg P, Deurenberg-Yap M

Acta Diabetol, 2003 Oct;40 Suppl 1:S246-9.
PMID: 14618484

Most in vivo body composition methods rely on assumptions that may vary among different population groups as well as within the same population group. The assumptions are based on in vitro body composition (carcass) analyses. The majority of body composition studies were performed on Caucasians and much of the information on validity methods and assumptions were available only for this ethnic group. It is assumed that these assumptions are also valid for other ethnic groups. However, if apparent differences across ethnic groups in body composition 'constants' and body composition 'rules' are not taken into account, biased information on body composition will be the result. This in turn may lead to misclassification of obesity or underweight at an individual as well as a population level. There is a need for more cross-ethnic population studies on body composition. Those studies should be carried out carefully, with adequate methodology and standardization for the obtained information to be valuable.
Fulltext Use of DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with COVID-19

Kow CS, Hasan SS

Acta Diabetol, 2021 02;58(2):245-246.
PMID: 33201345 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01629-y
Fulltext Effect of physical activity promotion on adiponectin, leptin and other inflammatory markers in prediabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Jadhav RA, Maiya GA, Hombali A, Umakanth S, Shivashankar KN

Acta Diabetol, 2021 Apr;58(4):419-429.
PMID: 33211181 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01626-1

AIMS: Inflammatory stage in prediabetes is associated with increase in level of adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Physical activity promotion considered as a first-line therapeutic strategy to treat prediabetes. We have conducted the systematic review and meta-analysis to strengthen the evidence on the impact of physical activity promotion on inflammatory markers in prediabetes.
METHODS: Studies were identified using electronic search and manual search techniques by choosing keywords for prediabetes, physical activity and inflammatory marker. Randomized controlled trials on individuals diagnosed with prediabetes and provided intervention in the form of physical activity were included in this review. Adiponectin, leptin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α were the considered outcome measures.
RESULTS: Our search retrieved 1,688 citations, 31 full-text articles assessed for eligibility of inclusion. Nine studies satisfied the pre-specified criteria for inclusion. Meta-analysis found that physical activity with or without dietary or lifestyle modification reduces level of leptin (MD-2.11 ng/mL, 95% CI -3.81 - -0.42) and interleukin-6 (MD -0.15 pg/mL, 95% CI -0.25--0.04). It has no effect on level of adiponectin (MD 0.26 µg/mL, 95% CI -0.42- 0.93), C-reactive protein (MD -0.05 mg/L, 95% CI -0.33-0.23) and tumour necrosis factor-α (MD 0.67 pg/mL, 95% CI -2.56-3.89).
CONCLUSIONS: This review suggests that physical activity promotion with dietary and lifestyle modification may reduce the level of leptin and interleukin-6 but are uncertain if there is any effect on levels of adiponectin, C-reactive protein and tumour necrosis factor-α in the individuals with prediabetes.
Fulltext Diet-induced metabolic changes of the human gut microbiome: importance of short-chain fatty acids, methylamines and indoles

Abdul Rahim MBH, Chilloux J, Martinez-Gili L, Neves AL, Myridakis A, Gooderham N, et al.

Acta Diabetol, 2019 May;56(5):493-500.
PMID: 30903435 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-019-01312-x

The human gut is a home for more than 100 trillion bacteria, far more than all other microbial populations resident on the body's surface. The human gut microbiome is considered as a microbial organ symbiotically operating within the host. It is a collection of different cell lineages that are capable of communicating with each other and the host and has an ability to undergo self-replication for its repair and maintenance. As the gut microbiota is involved in many host processes including growth and development, an imbalance in its ecological composition may lead to disease and dysfunction in the human. Gut microbial degradation of nutrients produces bioactive metabolites that bind target receptors, activating signalling cascades, and modulating host metabolism. This review covers current findings on the nutritional and pharmacological roles of selective gut microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, methylamines and indoles, as well as discussing nutritional interventions to modulate the microbiome.
Fulltext Insulin therapy in patients with COVID-19

Kow CS, Ramachandram DS, Hasan SS

Acta Diabetol, 2022 Feb;59(2):285-286.
PMID: 34648089 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01810-x
Evaluation of the health-related quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes in relation to macrovascular and microvascular complications

Tan MHP, Ong SC, Bujang MA, Shah SA, Mustafa N

Acta Diabetol, 2023 Dec;60(12):1735-1747.
PMID: 37542199 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02164-2

PURPOSE: The complications of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have a negative impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and could lead to increased healthcare costs. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding how and to what extent T2DM complications, particularly macrovascular and microvascular complications, affect the patients' HRQoL. This study aimed to evaluate the HRQoL in relation to diabetes complications and identify associated factors among patients with T2DM.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted over six months on T2DM patients at a National University Hospital, Malaysia. Since Malaysia is a multiethnic country with majority Malay-speaking and English widely used, the Malay and English versions of the revised version Diabetes Quality of life (DQoL) questionnaire was used to measure HRQoL. Multiple Linear Regression was applied to estimate association of individual DQoL domains with T2DM-related complications, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.
RESULTS: A total of 513 patients were recruited in the study. Sociodemographic (age, gender, ethnicity, employment, education) and body mass index affected satisfaction, impact and worry domains while complications affected the impact domain. Poorer HRQoL were demonstrated for severe stages heart failure (p = 0.001), nephropathy (p = 0.029), retinopathy (p