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  1. Fulltext Review of global neurosurgery education: Horizon of Neurosurgery in the Developing Countries
    Kato Y, Liew BS, Sufianov AA, Rasulic L, Arnautovic KI, Dong VH, et al.
    Chinese neurosurgical journal, 2020;6:19.
    PMID: 32922948 DOI: 10.1186/s41016-020-00194-1
    Globally, the discipline of neurosurgery has evolved remarkably fast. Despite being one of the latest medical specialties, which appeared only around hundred years ago, it has witnessed innovations in the aspects of diagnostics methods, macro and micro surgical techniques, and treatment modalities. Unfortunately, this development is not evenly distributed between developed and developing countries. The same is the case with neurosurgical education and training, which developed from only traditional apprentice programs in the past to more structured, competence-based programs with various teaching methods being utilized, in recent times. A similar gap can be observed between developed and developing counties when it comes to neurosurgical education. Fortunately, most of the scholars working in this field do understand the coherent relationship between neurosurgical education and neurosurgical practice. In context to this understanding, a symposium was organized during the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) Special World Congress Beijing 2019. This symposium was the brain child of Prof. Yoko Kato-one of the eminent leaders in neurosurgery and an inspiration for female neurosurgeons. Invited speakers from different continents presented the stages of development of neurosurgical education in their respective countries. This paper summarizes the outcome of these presentations, with particular emphasis on and the challenges faced by developing countries in terms of neurosurgical education and strategies to cope with these challenges.
  2. Fulltext Initial leucocytosis and other significant indicators of poor outcome in severe traumatic brain injury: an observational study
    Vijian K, Teo EG, Kanesen D, Wong ASH
    Chinese neurosurgical journal, 2020;6:5.
    PMID: 32922934 DOI: 10.1186/s41016-020-0185-4
    Background: Globally, severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been the principal cause of mortality among individuals aged 45 and below. The incidence of road traffic accidents in Malaysia is one of the highest in the world with thousands of victims sustaining severe disabilities. The aim of this study is to determine the association between leucocytosis and extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) scores as well the relationship of other factors and the outcomes of severe TBI.

    Methods: This was a retrospective observational study. A total of 44 consecutive patients who were admitted to Sarawak General Hospital from January 1, 2018, to September 30, 2018, with severe TBI were included. Data were collected from discharge summaries and hospital medical records. Chi-square and t test were used. SPSS was employed.

    Results: Of a total of 44 patients with severe TBI, 18 patients (41%) died during the same admission. The mean age of patients was 37.1 years with 93.2% of affected patients being male. 56.9% of patients presented with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 6 and less. A large percentage (86.3%) were discharged with a GOSE of less than 7. Older age and low admission GCS (6 and less) were significantly associated with poor GOSE scores on discharge and after 6 months (p < 0.05) on multivariate analysis. Leucocytosis on admission was also associated with poor outcomes where patients with higher total white counts on presentation attaining lower GOSE scores (p < 0.05).

    Conclusion: We concluded that leucocytosis was significantly associated with poor outcomes in severe TBI patients in addition to other factors such as advanced age and poor GCS on arrival.

  3. Fulltext Correction to: Review of global neurosurgery education: Horizon of Neurosurgery in the Developing Countries
    Kato Y, Liew BS, Sufianov AA, Rasulic L, Arnautovic KI, Dong VH, et al.
    Chinese neurosurgical journal, 2020;6:30.
    PMID: 32925985 DOI: 10.1186/s41016-020-00209-x
    [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s41016-020-00194-1.].
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