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Assessment of optic disc parameters among healthy adult Malays by Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph II

Jusoh S, Shaharuddin B, Wan Hitam WH

Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2011 Jan;39(1):15-22.

PMID: 20659136 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2010.02385.x

This study aims to assess the optic disc characteristics in healthy adult Malays and to correlate them with age, gender and refractive errors.

Prevalence and risk factors of ocular trauma in an urban south-east Asian population: the Singapore Malay Eye Study

Loon SC, Tay WT, Saw SM, Wang JJ, Wong TY

Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2009 May;37(4):362-7.

PMID: 19594562 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2009.02035.x

To describe the prevalence and risk factors of ocular trauma in an urban Asian population.

Modified Bahasa Malaysia version of VF-14 questionnaire: assessing the impact of glaucoma in rural area of Malaysia

Maharajah KR, Tet CM, Yaacob A, Tajudin LS, Foster PJ

Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2008 Apr;36(3):222-31.

PMID: 18412590 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2008.01719.x

To evaluate the functional impairment of glaucoma patients, using a modified Bahasa Malaysia version of VF-14 questionnaire, and to correlate the score with the severity of the disease.

New paediatric contrast test: Hiding Heidi low-contrast 'face' test

Chen AH, Mohamed D

Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2003 Oct;31(5):430-4.

PMID: 14516432

The Hiding Heidi low-contrast 'face' test is a new paediatric contrast test to evaluate the ability to detect objects with low contrast. The purpose of the present study was to compare the Hiding Heidi low-contrast 'face' test (HH) with the Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity test (PR) and the functional acuity contrast test (FACT) in the low-contrast assessment.

Role of adenosine receptors in resveratrol-induced intraocular pressure lowering in rats with steroid-induced ocular hypertension

Razali N, Agarwal R, Agarwal P, Kumar S, Tripathy M, Vasudevan S, et al.

Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2015 Jan-Feb;43(1):54-66.

PMID: 24995479 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12375

BACKGROUND: Steroid-induced ocular hypertension is currently treated in the same way as primary open-angle glaucoma. However, the treatment is often suboptimal and is associated with adverse effects. We evaluated the oculohypotensive effects of topical trans-resveratrol in rats with steroid-induced ocular hypertension and involvement of adenosine receptors (AR) in intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effect of trans-resveratrol.
METHODS: The oculohypotensive effect of unilateral single-drop application of various concentrations of trans-resveratrol was first studied in oculonormotensive rats. Concentration with maximum effect was similarly studied in rats with steroid-induced ocular hypertension. Involvement of AR was studied by observing the alterations of IOP in response to trans-resveratrol after pretreating animals with AR subtype-specific antagonists. Additionally, we used computational methods, including 3D modelling, 3D structure generation and protein-ligand interaction, to determine the AR-trans-resveratrol interaction.
RESULTS: All concentrations of trans-resveratrol produced significant IOP reduction in normotensive rat eyes. Maximum mean IOP reduction of 15.1% was achieved with trans-resveratrol 0.2%. In oculohypertensive rats, trans-resveratrol 0.2% produced peak IOP reduction of 25.2%. Pretreatment with A₁ antagonist abolished the oculohypotensive effect of trans-resveratrol. Pretreatment with A₃ and A₂A AR antagonists produced significant IOP reduction in both treated and control eyes, which was further augmented by trans-resveratrol application in treated eyes. Computational studies showed that trans-resveratrol has highest affinity for A₂B and A₁, followed by A2A and A₃ AR.
CONCLUSION: Topically applied trans-resveratrol reduces IOP in rats with steroid-induced ocular hypertension. Trans-resveratrol-induced oculohypotension involves its agonistic activity at the A₁ AR.
KEYWORDS: adenosine receptors; docking simulation; intraocular pressure; resveratrol; topical

Diabetic macular oedema: evidence-based treatment recommendations for Asian countries

Cheung GC, Yoon YH, Chen LJ, Chen SJ, George TM, Lai TY, et al.

Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2018 Jan;46(1):75-86.

PMID: 28558152 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12999

Diabetic macular oedema is the most common cause of diabetic retinopathy-induced vision loss. Efficacy of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in diabetic macular oedema has been demonstrated in randomized controlled trials. An Asian-specific guideline for diabetic macular oedema treatment is needed as patients in Asia tend to present with far more advanced disease than seen elsewhere in the world. Previous reviews of diabetic macular oedema management lacked a broader assessment of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment choices and newer trials. Recent clinical trial data allow head-to-head comparisons between the different anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents and treatment regimens. This review aims to summarize the clinical evidence related to various treatment regimens for clinicians, with a focus on anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapies, and to provide guidance on the treatment of diabetic macular oedema in Asian patients.

Incidence, progression and risk factors of age-related cataract in Malays: The Singapore Malay Eye Study

Tan AG, Tham YC, Chee ML, Mitchell P, Cumming RG, Sabanayagam C, et al.

Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2020 07;48(5):580-592.

PMID: 32255547 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13757

IMPORTANCE: Long-term data on age-related cataract, a leading cause of blindness and visual impairment, is scarce in Asian populations.

BACKGROUND: We report the 6-year incidence and progression of age-related cataract and associated risk factors in Malay adults living in Singapore.

DESIGN: Population-based cohort study.

PARTICIPANTS: A total of 3280 Malays aged 40+ years participated in baseline examinations of the Singapore Malay Eye Study (2004-2006). Six years later, 1901 (72.1% of eligible) baseline participants were re-examined.

METHODS: Cataract was assessed using lens photos, taken during eye examinations, following the Wisconsin Cataract Grading System.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Incidence and progression of cortical, nuclear and posterior subcapsular (PSC) cataract. Poisson regression models and generalized estimating equations models (with Poisson link) were used to assess factors associated with cataract incidence and progression, respectively, adjusting for age, sex and other risk factors.

RESULTS: Age-adjusted 6-year incidence of cortical, nuclear and PSC cataract was 14.1%, 13.6% and 8.7%, respectively, and was strongly age-related (P for trend

COVID-19 reduced scleral buckling training in fellows and shifted young ophthalmologists' preference toward vitrectomy: An Asia-Pacific survey

Wu PY, Fung AT, Dave VP, Iu LPL, Sjahreza E, Chaikitmongkol V, et al.

Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2023 Aug;51(6):585-597.

PMID: 37170410 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14236

BACKGROUND: To assess rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) surgery trends and training among young ophthalmologists (YOs, vitreoretinal fellows or attendings/consultants with ≤10 years of independent practice) and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: An anonymous online survey was completed by 117 YOs in the Asia-Pacific regarding their RRD surgery experiences in 2021-2022.

RESULTS: To achieve a 90% probability of surgical competency, 91 vitrectomy and 34 scleral buckling (SB) completions during fellowship were needed. In total, 49 (41.9%) YOs had fellowship affected by COVID-19. In the COVID versus pre-COVID era, however, the volume of SB completions per fellowship year decreased significantly (median [IQR] 3.3 [1.5, 9] vs. 13 [6.5, 23]; p

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