MyMedR

Displaying all 4 publications

Abstract:

Sort:

Fulltext Differences between peptide profiles of extensive hydrolysates and their influence on functionality for the management of cow's milk allergy: A short review

Goh A, Muhardi L, Ali A, Liew WK, Estrada-Reyes E, Zepeda-Ortega B, et al.

Front Allergy, 2022;3:950609.
PMID: 36660742 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.950609

Extensively hydrolyzed formulas (eHFs) are recommended for the dietary management of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) in non-exclusively breastfed infants. Studies show that peptide profiles differ between eHFs. This short review aims to highlight the variability in peptides and their ability to influence allergenicity and possibly the induction of tolerance by different eHFs. The differences between eHFs are determined by the source of the protein fraction (casein or whey), peptide size-distribution profile and residual β-lactoglobulin which is the most immunogenic and allergenic protein in bovine milk for human infants as it is not present in human breastmilk. These differences occur from the hydrolyzation process which result in variable IgE reactivity against cow's milk allergen epitopes by subjects with CMPA and differences in the Th1, Th2 and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses elicited. They also have different effects on gut barrier integrity. Results suggest that one particular eHF-casein had the least allergenic potential due to its low residual allergenic epitope content and demonstrated the greatest effect on restoring gut barrier integrity by its effects on mucin 5AC, occludin and Zona Occludens-1 in human enterocytes. It also increased the production of the tolerogenic cytokines Il-10 and IFN-γ. In addition, recent studies documented promising effects of optional functional ingredients such as pre-, pro- and synbiotics on the management of cow's milk allergy and induction of tolerance, in part via the induction of the production of short chain fatty acids. This review highlights differences in the residual allergenicity, peptide size distribution, presence of optional functional ingredients and overall functionality of several well-characterized eHFs which can impact the management of CMPA and the ability to induce immune tolerance to cow's milk protein.
Spatiotemporal proteolytic susceptibility of allergens: positive or negative effects on the allergic sensitization?

Jacquet A, Soh WT

Front Allergy, 2024;5:1426816.
PMID: 39044859 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1426816

From their expression in their respective allergenic source to their processing by antigen presenting cells, allergens continuously encounter proteases. The ability of allergens to resist to proteolysis by digestive enzymes or host-cell/microbial proteases is considered as an important property that influences their allergenic potential. However, the relationship between proteolytic stability and allergenicity is much more complex and depends on various factors, such as the protein structure dynamics, the exposure level, the route of sensitization, and their respective protease susceptibility. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge on several aspects of allergen proteolytic stability in different environments including the allergenic sources, routes of sensitization (skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract) and endolysosomal compartment of antigen-presenting cells. Proteolytic stability alone cannot represent a definitive criterion to allergenicity. The proteolytic susceptibility of allergens in processed extracts can affect allergy diagnosis and immunotherapy. Furthermore, the fine tuning of allergen stability during antigen processing can be exploited for the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies.
Fulltext Editorial: The regulation of allergic responses by proteolysis: from protease allergens to host proteases modulation

Soh WT, Jacquet A

Front Allergy, 2024;5:1469718.
PMID: 39188990 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1469718
Fulltext Exploring the potential mediating role of systemic antibiotics in the association between early-life lower respiratory tract infections and asthma at age 5 in the CHILD study

Medeleanu MV, Reyna ME, Dai DLY, Winsor GL, Brinkman FSL, Verma R, et al.

Front Allergy, 2024;5:1463867.
PMID: 39906720 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1463867

OBJECTIVE: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in early life are one of the strongest risk factors for childhood asthma and are often treated with systemic antibiotics (IV or oral). We aimed to explore the association between early-life LRTIs and systemic antibiotics on asthma development and the potential mediating role of antibiotics in this relationship.
METHODS: Data were collected as part of the longitudinal, general Canadian population CHILD Study. LRTIs during the first 18 months of life were identified through parental symptom report at regular study visits. Systemic antibiotic use was defined as at least one dose of oral/intravenous antibiotics between birth and the 18-month visit and were further categorized by indication as either given for a respiratory indication (upper or lower respiratory symptoms) or non-respiratory indication. Asthma was diagnosed by in-study pediatricians at the 5-year study visit. Adjusted logistic regression models and mediation analyses via systemic antibiotics use were performed.
RESULTS: Among 2,073 participants included in our analysis, 72 (4.9%) had asthma age 5, and 609 (29.3%) used systemic antibiotics before the 18-month visit. Among children who had taken antibiotics, 61.6% also had an LRTI in that period compared to 49.7% among children without exposure to systemic antibiotics (p