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  1. Banerjee R, Ali RAR, Wei SC, Adsul S
    Gut Liver, 2020 11 15;14(6):685-698.
    PMID: 33191310 DOI: 10.5009/gnl19209
    The advent of biologics and biologic therapy has transformed the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with enhanced early and adequate responses to treatment, fewer hospitalizations, a reduced need for surgery, and unprecedented outcomes including complete mucosal and histologic healing. However, an important issue with the use of anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents in IBD is the increased risk of tuberculosis (TB). This is compounded by the diagnostic dilemma when differentiating between Crohn's disease and gastrointestinal TB, and the potentially serious consequences of initiating an incorrect treatment in the case of misdiagnosis. The interplay between IBD and TB is most relevant in Asia, where more than 60% of the 10.4 million new TB cases in 2016 were reported. A number of studies have reported an increased risk of TB with anti-TNF agents, including in patients who had tested negative for TB prior to treatment initiation. The limited evidence currently available regarding adhesion molecule antagonists such as vedolizumab suggests a comparatively lower risk of TB, thus making them a promising option for IBD management in TBendemic regions. This comprehensive review examines the available literature on the risk of TB with the use of biologics in the TB-endemic regions of Asia, focusing on the diagnostic dilemma, the risk of reactivation, and the optimized management algorithms for latent and active disease.
  2. Yang DH, Luvsandagva B, Tran QT, Fauzi A, Piyachaturawat P, Soe T, et al.
    Gut Liver, 2021 05 15;15(3):391-400.
    PMID: 32839364 DOI: 10.5009/gnl20140
    Background/Aims: The clinical practice pattern of polypectomy is not well-investigated in Asian countries. We aimed to survey Asian endoscopists about their preferred polypectomy techniques for given conditions and images of polyps.

    Methods: A survey was performed using questionnaires composed of two parts: a scenario-based questionnaire using scenarios of polyps, which were adopted from the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guidelines, and an image-based questionnaire using provided endoscopic images of polyps.

    Results: A total of 154 endoscopists participated in this survey. The most preferred resection techniques for diminutive (≤5 mm), small (6-9 mm), and benign-looking intermediate (10-19 mm) nonpedunculated polyps were cold forceps polypectomy, hot snare polypectomy, and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), respectively, in both the scenario- and image-based questionnaires. For benign-looking large (≥20 mm) nonpedunculated polyps, EMR and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) were preferred in the scenario- and image-based surveys, respectively. In case of malignant nonpedunculated polyps, EMR and ESD were preferred for intermediate-sized and large lesions, respectively, according to the scenario-based survey. However, ESD was preferred in both intermediate-sized and large malignant nonpedunculated polyps according to the image-based survey. Trainee endoscopists, endoscopists working in referral centers, and endoscopists in the colorectal cancer-prevalent countries were independently associated with preference of cold snare polypectomy for removing small polyps.

    Conclusions: The polypectomy practice patterns of Asian endoscopists vary, and cold snare polypectomy was not the most preferred resection method for polyps <10 mm in size, in contrast to recent guidelines.

  3. Yoshida N, Dohi O, Inoue K, Yasuda R, Murakami T, Hirose R, et al.
    Gut Liver, 2019 03 15;13(2):140-148.
    PMID: 30513568 DOI: 10.5009/gnl18276
    A laser endoscopy system was developed in 2012. The system allows blue laser imaging (BLI), BLI-bright, and linked color imaging (LCI) to be performed as modes of narrow-band light observation; these modes have been reported to be useful for tumor detection and characterization. Furthermore, an innovative endoscopy system using four-light emitting diode (LED) multilight technology was released in 2016 to 2017 in some areas in which laser endoscopes have not been approved for use, including the United States and Europe. This system enables blue light imaging (this is also known as BLI) and LCI with an LED light source instead of a laser light source. Several reports have shown that these modes have improved tumor detection. In this paper, we review the efficacy of BLI and LCI with laser and LED endoscopes in tumor detection and characterization.
  4. Oh CK, Aniwan S, Piyachaturawat P, Wong Z, Soe T, Luvsandagva B, et al.
    Gut Liver, 2021 11 15;15(6):878-886.
    PMID: 33790055 DOI: 10.5009/gnl20166
    Background/Aims: As the number of colonoscopies and polypectomies performed continues to increase in many Asian countries, there is a great demand for surveillance colonoscopy. The aim of this study was to investigate the adherence to postpolypectomy surveillance guidelines among physicians in Asia.

    Methods: A survey study was performed in seven Asian countries. An email invitation with a link to the survey was sent to participants who were asked to complete the questionnaire consisting of eight clinical scenarios.

    Results: Of the 137 doctors invited, 123 (89.8%) provided valid responses. Approximately 50% of the participants adhered to the guidelines regardless of the risk of adenoma, except in the case of tubulovillous adenoma ≥10 mm combined with high-grade dysplasia, in which 35% of the participants adhered to the guidelines. The participants were stratified according to the number of colonoscopies performed: ≥20 colonoscopies per month (high volume group) and <20 colonoscopies per month (low volume group). Higher adherence to the postpolypectomy surveillance guidelines was evident in the high volume group (60%) than in the low volume group (25%). The reasons for nonadherence included concern of missed polyps (59%), the low cost of colonoscopy (26%), concern of incomplete resection (25%), and concern of medical liability (15%).

    Conclusions: A discrepancy between clinical practice and surveillance guidelines among physicians in Asia was found. Physicians in the low volume group frequently did not adhere to the guidelines, suggesting a need for continuing education and appropriate control. Concerns regarding the quality of colonoscopy and complete polypectomy were the main reasons for nonadherence.

  5. Hui CK, Hui NK
    Gut Liver, 2018 May 15;12(3):288-296.
    PMID: 29212311 DOI: 10.5009/gnl17056
    Background/Aims: The epidemiology of eosinophilic gastroenteritis remains unclear. We aim to determine the prevalence of eosinophilic gastroenteritis in patients with lower abdominal symptoms.

    Methods: In a prospective study, colonoscopy was performed on 2,469 consecutive patients. Biopsies were taken from the terminal ileum and ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon in all patients.

    Results: Sixty-four of the 2,469 patients (2.6%) had eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Only five of the 64 patients (7.8%) with eosinophilic gastroenteritis had endoscopic mucosal abnormalities during colonoscopy. Six of these 64 patients (9.4%) had severe disease at presentation, and seven of these 64 patients (10.9%) required systemic steroid treatment. An elevated absolute peripheral eosinophil count was independently associated with severe disease at presentation (4/6 [66.7%] vs 3/58 [5.2%], p=0.005; odds ratio [OR], 25.320; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.628 to 243.910), and severe disease at the time of presentation was independently associated with the use of systemic steroid treatment (6/7 [85.7%] vs 0/57 [0%], p=0.008; OR, 18.021; 95% CI, 2.163 to 150.152).

    Conclusions: The prevalence of eosinophilic gastroenteritis is common, and patients usually present normal-appearing mucosa on colonoscopy. Those with severe disease at presentation usually have a raised absolute peripheral eosinophil count and should be commenced on systemic steroids as an initial therapy.

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