Today sport and tourism are among the developed worlds’ most sought after leisure experiences and are becoming very important reflecting the hos t venue both socially and culturally. In this new era, many challenges were even more significant for Malaysia as she is not yet developed like other countries. Therefore, a careful selection of a potential place as a host venue for sports’ event is import an t. In line with that notion, this study aims to examine residents’ perception towards social and cultural impacts on hosting World Kite Festival in Pasir Gudang, Johor. A self administered questionnaire was developed. A total of 461 residents were succes sf ully surveyed and their perceptions towards social and cultural impacts were assessed by utilizing Scale of Perceived Social Impact (SPSI). All obtained data were further analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). In order to achiev e the research objectives, descriptive statistic was used for assessing the percentages, mean, rank and standard deviation. While independent t Test was used to investigate the gender differences among residents at World Kite Festival. The finding indicate s that there was a positive impact of hosting a sports’ event to the resident at Pasir Gudang although some negative impacts were witnessed. Thus, some improvement is needed.
With the high demands on research ou tputs, academicians are under pressure to cope with their teaching responsibilities as well as other managerial and administrative responsibilities that may affect their in role and extra role performance. Four hundred and thirty one (431) academicians fr om twen ty (20) Malaysian public universities were sampled which drawn from a stratified sampling The study examined the factors affecting in role and extra role performance among academicians in Malaysian public universities. There were two (2) propose d affecting factors that being examined; namely job demands as independent factor, perceived job burnout as the mediating factor and religious perso nality as a moderating factor. The job demands, in role performance and extra role performance questi onnaire revised by Bakker (2014), while the perceived job burnout questionnaire by Demerouti (2010) and religious personality questionnaire by Krauss (2007) were adopted and adapted. The Job demands resources theory of burnout guided the study through a q uantita tive research design. Data were analysed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0 approaches of structural equation modelling t o test the hypothesised model. The findings of this study largely supported the hypothesised relationships proposed in the theoreti cal mod el especially the mediating effect of perceived job burnout between job demands towards in role and extra role performance. The study concluded that all research objectives were successfully answered and achieved. Future studies applying the propos ed mode l are therefore recommended to be conducted at the institutions of higher learning across Malaysia in order to verify these findings.
The purpose of this study is to assess the determinants of psychological traits towards users’ technology experience specifically on Online Travel Agencies (OTA) via exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Working on these issues and after sequences of analyses to verify reliability and factor structure, the final 16 items of Technology Readiness 2.0 (TR2.0) with 4 items for each dimension (Optimism, Innovativeness, Discomfort, and Insecurity) have been congregated. Through an online survey, the technology readiness determinants were administered to 100 travelers at KLIA2 who have experienced on OTA. EFA using Principal Component Analysis with Varimax Rotation indicated 14 items, with 4 factors final solution with the following subscales: Innovativeness (4 items); Optimism (4 items); Discomfort (3 items); and Insecurities (3 items). All in all, only two items were removed from the original total of 16 items by the factor analysis based on the factor loading matrix for this final solution. This study basically plays an important role in contributing to the existing literature on the OTA users’ standpoint by using an approach which is very powerful to redefine the factors within Technology Readiness. This enhancement has reorganized the items according to their importance specifically towards new perspective which are OTA users in Malaysia setting.
Auditors play a key role in contributing to the credibility of the financial statements on which they are reporting. High quality audits s upport financial stability. The responsibility for performing quality audits of financial statements rests with the auditors. However, audit quality is best achieved in an environment where there is support from and appropriate interactions among partici pa nts in the financial reporting supply chain. Most prior studies look into audit quality from the perspective of private sector however this study focus on the quality of public sector auditing in Malaysia. There are three independent variables being inve st igated in this study that are the auditor’s independence, auditor’s competency and auditor’s workload. Data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires to 114 samples of auditors involved in public sector audit in Malaysia. The data were an al ysed using correlation test and regression test. The findings of this study show that there are positively significant relationship between auditor’s independence and auditor’s competency on audit quality. The results revealed that auditor’s competency i s the most significant factor affecting the audit quality in public sector audit. However, results show that auditor’s workload has a negative and insignificant impact on audit quality. Hence, this study recommends that the audit departments to strengthen th e audit quality and could improve the quality of the financial reporting in the public sector. In addition, auditor’s competency should be enhanced among the auditors in public sector to ensure high quality of audit work performed. Future studies should ex plore other variables such as client satisfaction, auditor switching and auditor’s turnover in public sector auditing
When a hotel firm loses their existing customers, the organization needs to draw new customers. This is to maintain their market share in the industries. However, in order to attract and capture new customers, it may need higher cost on advertising and promotional activities. Brand preference is generally used to quantify the effect of brand equity that will lead to brand awareness and customers brand loyalty. Therefore, this research is conducted to examine how co-creation corporate social responsibility (CSR) influence brand preference sustaining strategy in the hospitality industry. The study involved three main variables to distinguish the effect of environment, society and stakeholders (CSR) base program on consumer brand preferences. This research is conducted at one of the hotels in Kuala Lumpur City. The scope of the research focusing on the impact of co-creation (CSR) programs towards consumer brand preference. The respondents are among the walk-in consumer the hotel. Result of the study found that there is significant impact of the three base (CSR) programs on consumer brand preference in the hotel industries. This study also built up a useful insight to the industry players and (CSR) research to gain knowledge on the future development of co-creation CSR programs which promotes low cost and high impact result.
Sports tourism is an essential part of world tourism and is trendy in Malaysia. Malaysia recorded about 2 5 83 million tourist arrivals in 201 8 . Efficient delivery of hospitality services to the sports tourists will contribute to the multi billion dollar sports tourism business. In a competitive sports tourism market, offering sporting event requires being de e ply acknowledged with the reasons that attracts tourists’ choice of specific sporting event and the degree of satisfaction that these sports tourists perceived from the service provided. As so, this present study discusses on the sports event’s quality to w ards attendance of tourists at sports event hosted at northern zone of Malaysia. The objectives of this study are answered based on survey research conducted among 351 sports tourists at the sports event organized at northern zone of Malaysia . The study r e veals that the intangible aspect of sports event’s quality highly affects tourists’ attendance at sports event hosted in Northern Zone of Malaysia, compared to the tangible aspect. Growing economy plays an important role in ensuring the quality of sports e vent. Findings reveal dissimilarities on perception of quality towards sports event between the gender groups, with the male tourists displaying higher sensitivity. Further study on sports events hosted in other region of Malaysia could contribute to deve l opment of quality sports events in promoting Malaysia as an international sports tourism destination.
Internationalization procedure of small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is part of the increasing economy. The study aims to identify relationships between the factors influencing the SMEs to internationalize and identifying the most impactful factor that affects the internationalization of SMEs. The factors affecting internationalization of SMEs identified were external, internal, networking as well as barriers and challenges. The study focusses on SMEs in the service sector in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The methods used to conduct the survey is by distributing the questionnaire through email. There are 100 selected SMEs in the service sector which are listed in SME Corp Malaysia website and MATRADE website. Regardless of whether the SME’s are practising international business or not, they will still be one of the potential respondents. The data were examined and obtained using the statistical software SPSS. The analysis used is reliability analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis to meet the research objectives. The expected outcome from this research is to analyze the factors that will impact the internationalization of SMEs. The results of the analysis show that all the variables have a low positive correlation. The most influential factors that effects SMEs decision to go international are barriers and challenges.
An interactive teaching tool that utilizes a game board strategy to facilitate the learning of statistics has been developed and employed. This study aims to determine the impact of the board game on the motivation of diploma students towards learning statistics. Data are collected from 7 respondents using a face to face interview. Responses are qualitatively analysed. Results show that respondents are generally positive about the effectiveness of the board game as a teaching tool to enhance le arning and understanding. More importantly, respondents have shown a change in attitude towards statistics and are more motivated to learn statistics under this innovative learning environment. Some suggestions for future research are outlined.
This paper aims to explore the readi n ess of takaful operators to integrate waqf as part of their product feature by assessing on the components of as proposed in the New Product Development Model: marketing supports; formalized development process and top management supports. Questionnaire w a s employed in this survey and takaful operators’ employees who involved in product development were selected such as actuaries, business development managers and their executives. Unexpectedly, several takaful operators withdrew from participating in the s urvey (it was last minute) which is limitation in this study. Accordingly, it caused the use of non parametric tests in this study since the data is not normally distributed. Spearman rank correlation shows that formalized development process is the sig n ificant factor that influenced the readiness of the takaful operators to integrate waqf in their products. However, the other two independent variables which are marketing supports and top management supports depicted insignificant result. Nevertheless, t h e findings were still able to provide insights on the integration of waqf by takaful operators as their latest products’ feature.
Television (TV) advertisements have become one of the most powerful marketing tools in attracting their audience to become potential customers. They are widely used among food industry locally and also internationally. This study is conducted to identify the factors that contribute to an effective TV advertisement in food industry among centennials using predictive analysis. The aims of this study are to; 1) Identify significant factors; Attractive Visual, Persuasive Message and Repetition of Advertisement to the Effectiveness of TV advertisements in food industry. 2) Identify the most contribute significant factors; Attractive Visual, Persuasive Message and Repetition of Advertisement to the Effectiveness of TV advertisements in food industry. Thus, it was tested to 300 respondents in Shah Alam area using convenient sampling technique. Preliminary analysis included reliability analysis, checking for the correlation, multiple linear regression requirement and R-Square score. Correlation analysis shows that there was a significant positive linear relationship between attractive visuals, persuasive message and repetition of advertisements towards Effectiveness of TV advertisements in food industry. Among independent variables entered into the model, persuasive message (t=7.474, p-value=0.000
Sharir Aizat Kamaruddin, Muhammad Huzaifah Jaafar, Muhammad Ariff Zakariya, Muhammad Fayyadh Fadzilan, Aliff Iqbal Ahmad Nadzri, Khairul Naim Abd.Aziz, et al.
This research is conducted to investigate the effects of cubed and crushed ice on the crude fat, ash, and
moisture content of Channa striata and Clarias batrachus. The samples were chilled to four and seven days in the Polyvinyl chloride plastic (PVC) boxes filled with cubed ice and crushed ice. Before the determination of crude, ash, and moisture content, the samples were frozen for 1 week. Statistical
analyses were carried out to indicate the significant difference in the effects of treatment days and
physical characteristics of ice towards the crude fat, ash, and moisture content. The result concludes that crushed ice is more superior to cubed ice for all experiments. The outcomes of this research benefit many parties specially to cubed ice suppliers to support aquaculture industries and the socio-economic sectors in Malaysia.
This paper deals with a review of the inhibition activity of a Schiff bases on the deterioration of mild steel in hydrochloric acid media. Two Schiff base ligands namely N,N’- Bis(salicylidene) ethylenediamine (Sadimine) and N,N’-Bis(bromosalicylidene)- ethylenediamine (Brosadimine) were synthesized from the condensation reactions of salicylaldehyde or 5-bromosalicylaldehyde with ethylenediamine respectively and evaluated as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M HCl solution using weight loss method. The use of inhibitors is one of the most practical methods for protection of mild steel against corrosion in acidic media. Schiff bases are widely being employed in such applications. This paper highlights the influence of structure–inhibition activity relationship of Schiff base compounds
on their performance as corrosion inhibitors of mild steel in acid media. Sadimine and
Brosadimine show appreciable corrosion inhibition efficiency against the corrosion of mild
steel in 1 M HCl solution at room temperature. It has been found that Brosadimine shows
greater corrosion inhibition efficiency than Sadimine due to extra halogen group presence in
the structure. As the concentration of studied inhibitors increases, the corrosion inhibition
efficiency of the prepared compounds also increases. This study demonstrated that corrosion
inhibitors for metals and alloys can preserve the quality and life of metals from corrosion.
Ipomea aquatica, locally known as water spinach, is one of the most common vegetable consumed by
Malaysian. Based on previous studies, crude extract and phenolic compounds of I. aquatica exhibited
several biological activities including antioxidant, anti-microbial and anti-proliferative. The presence
of phenolic compounds in I. aquatica may contributed to their ability to inhibit enzymes, chelate
metals and scavenge free radicals. Currently, no study reported on anti-inflammatory activity of I.
aquatica with respect to lipoxygenase, hyaluronidase and xanthine oxidase enzymes. The present
study aims to enhance current knowledge on biological properties of I. aquatica crude extract
particularly on anti-inflammatory activity. Three enzymes that involve in inflammatory pathway were
selected in this study including lipoxygenase, hyaluronidase and xanthine oxidase. I. aquatica was
extracted in methanol and tested for lipoxygenase, hyaluronidase and xanthine oxidase at different
concentrations using direct enzyme inhibition assay. Lipoxygenase, hyaluronidase and xanthine
oxidase inhibitory activities of the methanol crude extract increased with increasing
concentration. Highest inhibition activity against lipoxygenase, hyaluronidase and xanthine oxidase
were observed at a concentration of 1000 µg/ml with inhibition of 87.18%, 95.36% and 78.38%,
respectively. Our finding in this study indicates potential anti-inflammatory activity of I. aquatica
crude extract through inhibition of lipoxygenase, hyaluronidase and xanthine oxidase.
The present work deals with the production of paper materials from onion peels (Allium Cepa) fibers
as an alternative potential non-wood fiber. The onion peels were obtained from a local small and
medium food industry. The onion peels were cooked at 120, 150 and 180 minutes. The peels were
grinded and poured in a set of mould and deckle for the formation of a thin sheet of paper. The
physical, mechanical, morphological characteristics and water rise capillary values (KLEMM
Method) were evaluated to determine its suitability for a paper material. The results show that the
increase in cooking time from 120 to 180 minutes resulted in an increase in the tensile index from
32.28N*m/g to 42.13N*m/g and tear index from 9.80mN*m2
/g to 15.62mN*m2
/g. The bonding
strength increased due to higher number of fibers, finer fiber size, and increase in the fiber contact
area and fiber distribution. The high porosity area affects the performance of water rise capillary
values of the paper sheets. The onion peels fiber gave impressive handsheets characteristics when
compared with other sources of non-wood fibers.
Businesses adopt queuing mechanism as it can improve efficiency and provide economic use of
resources. Some business segment that normally adapted queuing theory include assessing staff
scheduling, productivity, performance, and customers waiting time. This article will adopt queuing
theory to current service provided by Department of Labour, Kuala Terengganu. As the department is
committed to provide quality services to its customer, the level of satisfaction and current queueing
time need to be investigated. To achieve this, four elements in queueing theory – arrival rate, the
queuing discipline, the service and also the cost structure are utilized. Arrival rate is measured as way
in which customer arrives at this department and entered for receiving a service. Single server queuing
model is known as infinite queue length model (exponential service) was used in this study. This model
is based on certain assumptions about queuing, as the arrivals are described by Poisson probability
distribution and arrive from infinite population. This study has demonstrated that, majority of the
customers are dissatisfied with services offered and the major cause of dissatisfaction is the long waiting
time. Sunday shows the busiest day at Department of Labour, Kuala Terengganu when there are too
many customers and duty officer faced a hectic day on Sunday, followed by Thursday and Wednesday.
Department of Labour, Kuala Terengganu needed to do the other internal procedures for reducing
waiting times and thus ensuring an effective services system. This study recommended of adding a new
checkout counter and hiring another employee to help duty officer improve the operation at Department
of Labour, Kuala Terengganu.
In this paper, a simple analysis yet a straight forward method of determining the Planck’s constant by
evaluating the stopping potential of five different colors of light emitting diodes (LEDs) is presented.
The study aimed to identify the Planck’s constant based on the relationship between the potential
difference of LEDs to their respective frequencies under room temperature with low illumination of
ambient light by applying a simple theoretical analysis. The experiment was performed by connecting
the circuit in series connection and the voltage reading of LEDs were recorded and then presented in a
graph of frequency, f versus stopping voltage, Vo. To determine the Planck’s constant, the best fit line
was analyzed and the centroid was also identified in order to find the minimum and maximum errors
due the gradient of the graph. From the analysis, results showed that the Planck constant value was
(5.997 ± 1.520) × 10–34 J.s with approximately 10% of deviation from the actual value. This
demonstrates that a simple analysis can be utilized to determine the Planck’s constant for the purpose
of the laboratory teaching and learning at the undergraduate level and can be served as a starting point
for the students to understand the concept of quantization of energy in Modern Physics more
effectively. This is to further suggest that the Planck’s constant can be identified via a low-cost and
unsophisticated experimental setup.
This study evaluates the depression, anxiety, and stress level among student members of armed uniform
body at Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis Branch. Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis Branch offered
15 co-curriculum activities included SUKSIS, Komander Kesatria, Bomba, and Angkatan Pertahanan
Awam Malaysia. Unfortunately, in the selection system of co-curriculum activities, some students did
not have the opportunity to select curriculum activities of their choice and interest. Questionnaire
developed by Lovibond and Lovibond’s (1995) entitled Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS21) was issued to 120 student members of SUKSIS, Komander Kesatria, Bomba, and Angkatan
Pertahanan Awam Malaysia. In terms of the level of mental health, the student members of SUKSIS
and Komander Kesatria suffered mild level of depression, while members of Bomba and Angkatan
Pertahanan Awam Malaysia experienced normal level of depression. In relation to anxiety level,
members of Suksis and Komander Kesatria suffered moderate level of anxiety, while members of
Bomba and Angkatan Pertahanan Awam Malaysia experienced mild level of anxiety. Although the
members of Komander Kesatria, Bomba and Angkatan Pertahanan Awam Malaysia experienced normal
level of stress, the members of SUKSIS armed uniform body are mildly stressed. These findings provide
an insight on mental health among students of tertiary education which is a very serious health issue
that demands further exploration for development of effective co-curriculum activities. Hopefully,
future researchers could relate this health issue with studies on other populations and demographic
characteristics.
Ginger essential oils (GEO) are natural products with antibacteria properties consisting of many different volatile
compounds have high potential to be used in many applications. In this study, the ginger GEO was successfully
encapsulated in chitosan as a carrier agent using a spray drying technique. The extraction of Zingiber officinale
(ginger) essential oil is performed by steam distillation method. The GEO was encapsulated in chitosan as a carrier
agents at 1:3, GEO:chitosan ratio by using spray drying technique. GEO together with encapsulated GEO were
further assayed for antimicrobial activity by disc-diffusion method. For characterization of encapsulated GEO,
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were
used. FTIR analysis revealed that there was no existence of a new functional group in the encapsulated GEO
showing that there is only physical interaction between GEO and chitosan. Besides, FESEM analysis showed the
encapsulated GEO were in micro in sizes and possessed spherical shape with smooth and porous surface.
Furthermore, Both GEO and encapsulated GEO showed in vitro antimicrobial activity against Escheriachia coli,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi with encapsulated GEO possessed higher in
the activities for all studied bacteria compared to GEO. The encapsulated GEO demonstrated a superior performance
against Salmonella typhi with the inhibition zone of 22.5 mm compared to GEO only 13.5 mm. The results obtained
indicated that due to the volatility and instability of the GEO when exposed to environmental factors, its encapsulation considerably improve and enhanced its performance.
This research aimed to determine the total antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of the papaya
seeds. These papaya seeds then were introduced into the prepared ice cream to determine the effect of the
papaya seeds to the physicochemical and the acceptability of ice cream by making four different
formulations (Control, 1.0%, 2.0%, and 3.0% of papaya seeds). Two methods namely free radical
scavenging assay (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were used to determine the total
antioxidant activity of the papaya seeds, whereas total phenolic content was determined by FolinCiocalteu’s method (TPC). The papaya seeds showed high total phenolic content in the TPC analysis result.
Furthermore, DPPH and FRAP showed high antioxidant activity of the papaya seeds. Acceptability of the
ice cream was conducted by sensory evaluation and the results showed that the control (0.0%) papaya seeds
ice cream formulation was the most favorable by the panelists followed by 1.0%, 2.0%, and 3.0% papaya
seeds formulation. In conclusion, the papaya seeds are proven to contain antioxidants by the results given
in DPPH, FRAP, and TPC tests. Surprisingly, the papaya seeds also did not affect the physicochemical of
the ice cream and the ice cream was accepted by the panelists.
Fibres from banana’s stem are abundantly available in Malaysia. This study focused on the production
of woven fabric from banana pseudo-stem fibres. Yarn made of 100% banana stem and 100% cotton
yarn were produced. Two types of retting techniques were conducted, which are water retting and
retting using softening agent. The fibres were spun and weaved into plain weave fabric. All specimens
were evaluated for yarn twist, yarn evenness, yarn linear density and selected fabric physical
properties. The results obtained showed that banana stem fabric treated with softening agent has lower
area density and higher thickness. Weft sample retted in softening agent has higher bending length and
flexural rigidity than sample retted in water. This might be due to the decrement of yarn’s stiffness,
which eases the insertion of yarn during shedding process. Weft sample retted in water has lower
bending length due to coarser yarn and tends to break easily. It is found that retting banana stem fibres
with softening agent affect the yarn linear density, area density, fabric stiffness properties and flexural
rigidity of the fabric.