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Fulltext The Effects of Mindfulness on Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Wong WP, Coles J, Chambers R, Wu DB, Hassed C

J Alzheimers Dis Rep, 2017 Dec 02;1(1):181-193.
PMID: 30480237 DOI: 10.3233/ADR-170031

Background: The current lack of an effective cure for dementia would exacerbate its prevalence and incidence globally. Growing evidence has linked mindfulness to cognitive and psychological improvements that could be relevant for mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Objective: To investigate whether mindfulness practice can improve health outcomes of MCI.
Methods: The study is the first longitudinal mixed-methods observational study with a one-year follow-up period, that customized an eight-week group-based mindfulness training program for older adults with MCI (n = 14). Measures included cognitive function, psychological health, trait mindfulness, adherence to mindfulness practice, and everyday activities functioning as assessed at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and one-year follow-up. Repeated measures ANOVAs, Pearson's correlation analyses, and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed.
Results: The MCI participants showed significant improvements in cognitive function (p
Fulltext Alzheimer's Disease-Related Proteins Targeted by Secondary Metabolite Compounds from Streptomyces: A Scoping Review

Zainuddin MS, Bhuvanendran S, Radhakrishnan AK, Azman AS

J Alzheimers Dis Rep, 2023;7(1):1335-1350.
PMID: 38143777 DOI: 10.3233/ADR-230065

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized as rapid and progressive cognitive decline affecting 26 million people worldwide. Although immunotherapies are ideal, its clinical safety and effectiveness are controversial, hence, treatments are still reliant on symptomatic medications. Concurrently, the Streptomyces genus has attracted attention given its pharmaceutically beneficial secondary metabolites to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
OBJECTIVE: To present secondary metabolites from Streptomyces sp. with regulatory effects on proteins and identified prospective target proteins for AD treatment.
METHODS: Research articles published between 2010 and 2021 were collected from five databases and 83 relevant research articles were identified. Post-screening, only 12 research articles on AD-related proteins were selected for further review. Bioinformatics analyses were performed through the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) network, PANTHER Go-Slim classification system (PANTHER17.0), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Mapper.
RESULTS: A total of 20 target proteins were identified from the 12 shortlisted articles. Amyloid-β, BACE1, Nrf-2, Beclin-1, and ATG5 were identified as the potential target proteins, given their role in initiating AD, mitigating neuroinflammation, and autophagy. Besides, 10 compounds from Streptomyces sp., including rapamycin, alborixin, enterocin, bonnevillamides D and E, caniferolide A, anhydroexfoliamycin, rhizolutin, streptocyclinone A and B, were identified to exhibit considerable regulatory effects on these target proteins.
CONCLUSIONS: The review highlights several prospective target proteins that can be regulated through treatments with Streptomyces sp. compounds to prevent AD's early stages and progression. Further identification of Streptomyces sp. compounds with potential anti-AD properties is recommended.
Fulltext Role of Fluid Biomarkers and PET Imaging in Early Diagnosis and its Clinical Implication in the Management of Alzheimer's Disease

Hameed S, Fuh JL, Senanarong V, Ebenezer EGM, Looi I, Dominguez JC, et al.

J Alzheimers Dis Rep, 2020 Feb 12;4(1):21-37.
PMID: 32206755 DOI: 10.3233/ADR-190143

Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is based on symptoms; however, the challenge is to diagnose AD at the preclinical stage with the application of biomarkers and initiate early treatment (still not widely available). Currently, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42) and tau are used in the clinical diagnosis of AD; nevertheless, blood biomarkers (Aβ42 and tau) are less predictive. Amyloid-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is an advancement in technology that uses approved radioactive diagnostic agents (florbetapir, flutemetamol, or florbetaben) to estimate Aβ neuritic plaque density in adults with cognitive impairment evaluated for AD and other causes of cognitive decline. There is no cure for AD to date-the disease progression cannot be stopped or reversed; approved pharmacological agents (donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine; memantine) provide symptomatic treatment. However, the disease-modifying therapies are promising; aducanumab and CAD106 are in phase III trials for the early stages of AD. In conclusion, core CSF biomarkers reflect pathophysiology of AD in the early and late stages; the application of approved radiotracers have potential in amyloid-PET brain imaging to detect early AD.

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