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  1. Salman IM, Ameer OZ, Sattar MA, Abdullah NA, Yam MF, Abdullah GZ, et al.
    Neurourol Urodyn, 2011 Mar;30(3):438-46.
    PMID: 21284025 DOI: 10.1002/nau.21007
    We assessed the role of renal sympathetic nervous system in the deterioration of renal hemodynamic and excretory functions in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic kidney disease (DKD).
  2. Lim R, Liong ML, Lau YK, Yuen KH
    Neurourol Urodyn, 2017 02;36(2):438-442.
    PMID: 26693962 DOI: 10.1002/nau.22950
    AIMS: To enable the use of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF) and ICIQ-Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Quality of Life (ICIQ-LUTSqol) in Southeast Asia, we translated and subsequently evaluated their validity (content and discriminant validity), reliability (internal consistency and test-retest reliability), and responsiveness in female patients with stress urinary incontinence.

    METHODS: Permission was obtained to translate the English versions into Malay and subsequently validate them, and to validate the existing Chinese versions. The translated questionnaires were taken for pilot testing. Validation was carried out for the face/content and discriminant validity. Reliability was assessed for test-retest and internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient respectively. The responsiveness was calculated via effect size and standardized response mean.

    RESULTS: Ten patients were recruited for the pilot testing. The English and Chinese versions had "substantial" or "almost perfect" agreement as measured by weighted Kappa. 284 participants (139 patients with stress urinary incontinence and 145 healthy volunteers) were included in the subsequent phases. The ICIQ-UI SF and ICIQ-LUTSqol had good discriminant validity. The ICIQ-UI SF had moderate internal consistency although the ICIQ-LUTSqol had good internal consistency. Both questionnaires had high test-retest reliability. Responsiveness was established with a moderate to large effect size and a standardized response mean.

    CONCLUSIONS: The English, Chinese, and Malay versions each proved to be valid and reliable in our Malaysian population, thereby enabling more cross-cultural research in this region. Neurourol. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:438-442, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  3. Lim R, Lee SW, Tan PY, Liong ML, Yuen KH
    Neurourol Urodyn, 2015 Nov;34(8):713-22.
    PMID: 25251335 DOI: 10.1002/nau.22672
    To review whether patients with urinary incontinence (UI) treated with magnetic stimulation (MS) have a higher continence rate compared to sham.
  4. Lee KS, Park H, Kang D, Byun HJ, Foo CY, Hadi FA, et al.
    Neurourol Urodyn, 2021 11;40(8):1972-1980.
    PMID: 34486168 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24776
    AIMS: To descriptively evaluate treatment persistence among adults who received mirabegron or antimuscarinics in South Korea.

    METHODS: This study involved a retrospective analysis of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) database. Patients (≥18 years) who had a new prescription for an overactive bladder (OAB) target medication (mirabegron/antimuscarinic) within an 8-month index period (July 1, 2015-February 29, 2016) were included. The date when the target (index) medication was dispensed was the index date. The 6-month period before the index date was used to assess patient eligibility. A 12-month post-index period was used to assess medication persistence, which was defined as the time to discontinuation. Overall data were analyzed and the results were also stratified by age group (≤65, >65 years), sex, or prior OAB medication experience. Persistence rates were calculated after the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th months.

    RESULTS: A data set of 52 722 cases was obtained (mirabegron: 11 424, antimuscarinics: 41 298). The mean age was 60.9 ± 16.1 years and the majority of the patients were female (30 862 [58.5%] patients). Median persistence was longer with mirabegron (51 days) versus antimuscarinics (25 days). The persistence rate with mirabegron was higher throughout the study compared with all the antimuscarinics (12-month data: 13.5% and 4.9%, respectively). Longer treatment persistence was noted in older, male, and treatment-experienced patients.

    CONCLUSION: The results from the HIRA database showed that persistence was longer with mirabegron than with antimuscarinics in South Korea. This finding may help inform clinical decision-making within the South Korean healthcare system.

  5. Mat S, Jaafar MH, Razack AHA, Lim J, Ong TA, Khong SY, et al.
    Neurourol Urodyn, 2023 Mar;42(3):641-649.
    PMID: 36728321 DOI: 10.1002/nau.25136
    INTRODUCTION: The common assumption that urinary incontinence occurs in osteoarthritis (OA) due to poor mobility is supported by limited evidence. The influence of gender in such associations is also yet to be elucidated.

    OBJECTIVE: This study, therefore, identified any potential associations between knee OA symptoms and urinary incontinence and further explore sex differences in the associations.

    DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.

    SETTING: University Hospital.

    PARTICIPANTS: This was a cross-sectional study from a longitudinal research study comprising 1221 community-dwelling older persons (57% women), mean age (SD) 68.95 (7.49) years.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Presence of urinary incontinence: mixed, stress and urge symptoms. Physical performance and C-reactive protein levels were also assessed.

    RESULTS: Two hundred and seventy-seven (22.83%) individuals reported the presence of urinary incontinence: mixed (41.5%), stress (30%), and urge (28.5%) symptoms. In an unadjusted analysis, stratified by gender, the association between knee pain and urinary incontinence was only present in women with mixed symptoms. After further adjustment of demographics differences and body mass index, the association between knee pain with any urinary incontinence and mixed symptoms remained significant with the odds ratios (95% confidence interval): 1.48 (1.02-2.15) and 1.73 (1.06-2.83), respectively. This relationship was attenuated after further adjustment for waist circumference and impaired lower limb mobility.

    CONCLUSION: Our study refutes previous assumptions that urinary incontinence in individuals with OA is attributed to impaired mobility alone, but introduces the role of abdominal obesity in this relationship, particularly in women. Future studies should assess the temporal relationship between body fat distribution and OA with urinary incontinence.

  6. Lim LY, Yang SS
    Neurourol Urodyn, 2024 Jan;43(1):81-87.
    PMID: 37767698 DOI: 10.1002/nau.25294
    OBJECTIVE: To establish a normal reference value of postvoid residual (PVR) urine volume in "healthy" adults.

    METHODS: Adults were recruited to undergo uroflowmetry and PVR. Those with neurological disorders, malignancy, diabetes, known lower urinary tract dysfunction, and urinary tract infection within the previous 3 months, were excluded from the study. Constipation was defined as Rome IV ≥ 2.

    RESULTS: Of the 883 adults enrolled in this study, 194 (22.3%) did not complete the questionnaires or perform the uroflowmetry, 103 (11.7%) met ≥1 exclusion criteria and thus were excluded. In addition, 30 and 38 uroflowmetry were excluded due to artifacts and low bladder volume (BV) (<100 mL), respectively. Finally, 515 uroflowmetry and PVR data from adults aged 36-89 (mean: 59.0 ± 9.5) were examined. There was a significant nonlinear relationship between BV and PVR (p 

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