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  1. Naidu R, Har YC, Taib NA
    Oncol Res, 2009;18(2-3):65-71.
    PMID: 20066896
    The genotype analysis of the Gly and Arg allele at codon 388 of fibroblast growth factor receptor-4 (FGFR4) gene was evaluated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method in a hospital-based Malaysian population. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 387 breast cancer patients and 252 normal and healthy women who had no history of any malignancy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between the FGFR4 Gly388Arg polymorphism and breast cancer risk as well as clinicopathological parameters of the patients. The Gly/Gly, Gly/Arg, Arg/Arg, and Arg allele genotypes were detected in 46.3%, 44.4%, 9.3%, and 53.7% of breast cancer cases, respectively. The distribution of genotype (p = 0.204) and allele (p = 0.086) frequencies of FGFR4 polymorphism were not significantly different between the breast cancer cases and normal individuals. Women who were Arg/ Arg homozygotes (OR = 1.714, 95% CI 0.896-3.278), Gly/Arg heterozygotes (OR = 1.205, 95% CI 0.863-1.683), carriers of Arg allele genotype (OR = 1.269, 95% CI 0.921-1.750), or Arg allele (OR = 1.246, 95% CI 0.970-1.602) were not associated with breast cancer risk. The Arg allele genotype was significantly associated with lymph node metastases (p = 0.001) but not with other clinicopathological parameters. Our findings suggest that the polymorphic variant at codon 388 of FGFR4 gene does not confer increased risk to breast cancer development but it may be a potential genetic marker for tumor prognosis.
  2. Nor WMFSBW, Chung I, Said NABM
    Oncol Res, 2020 Oct 27.
    PMID: 33109304 DOI: 10.3727/096504020X16037933185170
    Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women and one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide, in which the most severe form happens when it metastasizes to other regions of the body. Metastasis is responsible for most treatment failures in advanced breast cancer. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a significant role in promoting metastatic processes in breast cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved endogenous short non-coding RNAs that play a role in regulating a broad range of biological processes, including cancer initiation and development, by functioning as tumor promoters or tumor suppressors. Expression of miR-548m has been found in various types of cancers, but the biological function and molecular mechanisms of miR-548m in cancers have not been fully studied. Here, we demonstrated the role of miR-548m in modulating EMT in the breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. Expression data for primary breast cancer obtained from NCBI GEO datasets showed that miR-548m expression was downregulated in breast cancer patients compared with healthy group. We hypothesize that miR-548m acts as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. Overexpression of miR-548m in both cell lines increased E-cadherin expression and decreased the EMT-associated transcription factors SNAI1, SNAI2, ZEB1 and ZEB2, as well as MMP9 expression. Consequently, migration and invasion capabilities of both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells were significantly inhibited in miR-548m-overexpressing cells. Analysis of 1059 putative target genes of miR-548m revealed common pathways involving both tight junction and the mTOR signaling pathway, which has potential impacts on cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, this study identified aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) as a direct target of miR-548m in breast cancer cells. Taken together, our findings suggest a novel function of miR-548m in reversing the EMT of breast cancer by reducing their migratory and invasive potentials, at least in part via targeting AHR expression.
  3. Alias NA, Mustafa WA, Jamlos MA, Alkhayyat A, Rahman KSA, Q Malik R
    Oncol Res, 2021;29(5):365-376.
    PMID: 37305159 DOI: 10.32604/or.2022.025897
    Cervical cancer is a prevalent and deadly cancer that affects women all over the world. It affects about 0.5 million women anually and results in over 0.3 million fatalities. Diagnosis of this cancer was previously done manually, which could result in false positives or negatives. The researchers are still contemplating how to detect cervical cancer automatically and how to evaluate Pap smear images. Hence, this paper has reviewed several detection methods from the previous researches that has been done before. This paper reviews pre-processing, detection method framework for nucleus detection, and analysis performance of the method selected. There are four methods based on a reviewed technique from previous studies that have been running through the experimental procedure using Matlab, and the dataset used is established Herlev Dataset. The results show that the highest performance assessment metric values obtain from Method 1: Thresholding and Trace region boundaries in a binary image with the values of precision 1.0, sensitivity 98.77%, specificity 98.76%, accuracy 98.77% and PSNR 25.74% for a single type of cell. Meanwhile, the average values of precision were 0.99, sensitivity 90.71%, specificity 96.55%, accuracy 92.91% and PSNR 16.22%. The experimental results are then compared to the existing methods from previous studies. They show that the improvement method is able to detect the nucleus of the cell with higher performance assessment values. On the other hand, the majority of current approaches can be used with either a single or a large number of cervical cancer smear images. This study might persuade other researchers to recognize the value of some of the existing detection techniques and offer a strong approach for developing and implementing new solutions.
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