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  1. Severe Maternal Morbidity and Postpartum Depressive Symptomatology: A Prospective Double Cohort Comparison Study
    Norhayati MN, Nik Hazlina NH, Aniza AA, Asrenee AR
    Res Nurs Health, 2016 Dec;39(6):415-425.
    PMID: 27367484 DOI: 10.1002/nur.21741
    The adverse consequences to mothers of postpartum depression are well-documented, and risk factors are of interest. There is limited evidence on postpartum depression among women with severe maternal morbidity, defined as potentially life-threatening conditions during pregnancy, childbirth, or soon after termination of pregnancy. We compared postpartum depressive symptoms of postpartum women aged 18 and older who delivered in two tertiary referral hospitals in 2014 in Kelantan, Malaysia, and had (n = 145) or had not (n = 187) suffered severe maternal morbidity. A prospective double cohort study design was applied. Postpartum depressive symptoms were assessed at 1 and 6 months postpartum using the Malay version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. There was no significant difference in the mean Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score changes (p = .803) between the two groups of women, after adjusting for age, social support, physical health, occupation, and education. Factors other than severe medical complications should be pursued as predictors of postpartum depressive symptomatology. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
  2. Psychometric validation of the Chinese version of the empowerment scale for pregnant women
    Liu Y, Che CC, Hamdan M, Chong MC
    Res Nurs Health, 2024 Dec;47(6):659-668.
    PMID: 39177122 DOI: 10.1002/nur.22419
    Empowering pregnant women is a crucial process that healthcare providers should evaluate, as empowerment is a meaningful indicator that can reflect the impact of health promotion and education in antenatal care. The Empowerment Scale for Pregnant Women (ESPW) is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring empowerment. The cross-sectional study was conducted to translate and validate the psychometric properties of the ESPW among 526 pregnant women in China. The forward-backward method was used to translate the English version of the ESPW into the Chinese version. Reliability was examined with the internal consistency and test-retest coefficients. Validity was analyzed with structural, dimensionality, convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity. The Cronbach's α value of 0.97 and the intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], [0.96, 0.99]) demonstrated excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that five factors with eigenvalues > 1 explained 68.41% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis verified an acceptable model that fit the data exceptionally. The Chinese-translated version of the ESPW (CV-ESPW) had acceptable convergent and discriminant validity. Concurrent validity was supported by the correlation between the total scores of the CV-ESPW and the Chinese version of the Patient Perceptions of the Empowerment Scale (r = 0.64, p 
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