MyMedR

Iron regulated outer membrane proteins (IROMPs) as potential targets against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. isolated from a Medical Centre in Malaysia

Hwa WE, Subramaniam G, Mansor MB, Yan OS, Gracie, Anbazhagan D, et al.

Indian J Med Res, 2010 Apr;131:578-83.

PMID: 20424311

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. have gained increasing significance as opportunistic pathogens in hospitalized patients. Carbapenem resistance is often associated with the loss and/or decrease in outer membrane proteins (OMP) and overexpression of multidrug efflux systems. However, carbapenem-hydrolysing beta-lactamases of Ambler Class B (metallo-enzymes) and Ambler Class D (oxacillinases) have also been detected in Acinetobacter spp. In this study we have investigated the role of the iron regulated outer membrane protein (IROMPs) and the loss of a 29-kDa OMP in carbapenem resistance of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus.

Renal functional & haemodynamic changes following acute unilateral renal denervation in Sprague Dawley rats

Salman IM, Sattar MA, Abdullah NA, Ameer OZ, Hussain FB, Hye Khan MA, et al.

Indian J Med Res, 2010 Jan;131:76-82.

PMID: 20167977

Regulation of renal function and haemodynamics are under a direct control from the renal sympathetic nerves and renal denervation produces overt diuresis and natriuresis in several mammalian species. However, the inter-related series of changes in renal function and haemodynamics following acute renal denervation (ARD) is not fully understood. Thus, we aimed to investigate and relate the changes in renal function and haemodynamics following acute unilateral renal denervation in anaesthetized Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.

Glycaemic & insulinaemic responses in men at rest following sago meal

Ahmad H, Singh R, Ghosh AK

Indian J Med Res, 2009 Aug;130(2):160-5.

PMID: 19797813

Sago (Metroxylin sagu) is one of the main sources of native starch. In Malaysia sago dishes are commonly eaten with sugar. However, other societies use sago as a staple food item instead of rice or potato. The study was undertaken to investigate the effect of ingestion of different physical forms of sago supplementation on plasma glucose and plasma insulin responses, as compared to the white bread supplementation in man, during resting condition.

Fulltext Hypolactasia & lactose intolerance among three ethnic groups in Malaysia

Asmawi MZ, Seppo L, Vapaatalo H, Korpela R

Indian J Med Res, 2006 Dec;124(6):697-704.

PMID: 17287558

Prevalence of adult-type hypolactasia is known to vary among different countries and in different ethnic populations in the same country. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of hypolactasia and lactose intolerance in three different ethnic populations living in similar environmental conditions in Malaysia. The correlation between different symptoms and lactose intolerance test was also studied.

Chromobacterium violaceum septicaemia from north India

Ray P, Sharma J, Marak RS, Singhi S, Taneja N, Garg RK, et al.

Indian J Med Res, 2004 Dec;120(6):523-6.

PMID: 15654137

Though Chromobacterium violaceum is a common inhabitant of soil and water in tropical and sub-tropical regions, human infections are rare but when they do occur result in high mortality. Since the first case from Malaysia in 1927, about 150 cases have been reported in world literature. Till date 6 cases have been reported from southern and eastern parts of India. We report here a case of C. violaceum septicaemia, probably the first case from north India. The patient, a 6 and a half year old boy was admitted with high fever. The patient had anaemia, neutrophilic leucocytosis and bilateral chest infiltrates. Routine and bacteriological investigations were carried out to establish the aetiological diagnosis. C. violaceum was isolated in pure culture from blood and pus. The patient was successfully treated with ciprofloxacin and amikacin. This is probably the first documented case report of C. violaceum infection from north India and the only Indian case with septicaemia which survived.

Antagonistic activities of mosquito larvicidal Bacillus sphaericus (Neide) against some pathogenic bacteria

Seleena P, Lee HL

Indian J Med Res, 1993 Mar;97:83-4.

PMID: 8505080

Mosquitocidal strains of B. sphaericus serotype H-5a5b were shown for the first time to exhibit antagonistic activities against several human pathogens especially Salmonella. These strains of B. sphaericus also exhibited high larval toxicity against several mosquitoes.

Immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine in healthy Malaysian adults

Ton SH, Noriah R, Duraisamy G

Indian J Med Res, 1988 Jun;87:542-4.

PMID: 3240935

Fulltext Advances & challenges in leptospiral vaccine development

Bashiru G, Bahaman AR

Indian J Med Res, 2018 Jan;147(1):15-22.

PMID: 29749356 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1022_16

Considerable progress has been made in the field of leptospiral vaccines development since its first use as a killed vaccine in guinea pigs. Despite the fact that the immunity conferred is restricted to serovars with closely related lipopolysaccharide antigen, certain vaccines have remained useful, especially in endemic regions, for the protection of high-risk individuals. Other conventional vaccines such as the live-attenuated vaccine and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) vaccine have not gained popularity due to the reactive response that follows their administration and the lack of understanding of the pathogenesis of leptospirosis. With the recent breakthrough and availability of complete genome sequences of Leptospira, development of novel vaccine including recombinant protein vaccine using reverse vaccinology approaches has yielded encouraging results. However, factors hindering the development of effective leptospiral vaccines include variation in serovar distribution from region to region, establishment of renal carrier status following vaccination and determination of the dose and endpoint titres acceptable as definitive indicators of protective immunity. In this review, advancements and progress made in LPS-based vaccines, killed- and live-attenuated vaccines, recombinant peptide vaccines and DNA vaccines against leptospirosis are highlighted.

Fulltext Serotypes & penicillin susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children admitted to a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia

Subramaniam P, Jabar KA, Kee BP, Chong CW, Nathan AM, de Bruyne J, et al.

Indian J Med Res, 2018 Aug;148(2):225-231.

PMID: 30381546 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1987_16

Background & objectives: Streptococcus pneumoniae: (pneumococcus) is a highly invasive extracellular pathogen that causes diseases such as pneumonia, otitis media and meningitis. This study was undertaken to determine the serotype diversity and penicillin susceptibility of S. pneumoniae isolated from paediatric patients in a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia.

Methods: A total of 125 clinical isolates collected from January 2013 to May 2015 were serotyped using seven sequential multiplex polymerase chain reactions. The susceptibility of these isolates to penicillin was also investigated.

Results: Serotypes detected among the isolates were serotypes 3, 6A/B, 6C, 11/A/D/F, 15A/F, 19A, 19F, 23A, 23F, 34. Serotypes 19F and 6A/B were the most prevalent serotypes detected. Most of the S. pneumoniae were isolated from nasopharyngeal samples of children below five years of age. Majority of the isolates were penicillin susceptible. Only 5.6 per cent of the isolates were non-susceptible to penicillin, mostly of serotype 19F.

Interpretation & conclusions: Our study revealed the distribution of various serotypes in S. pneumoniae isolates obtained from children in a teaching hospital at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and decreasing rates of penicillin resistance among them. The shifts in serotypes and susceptibility to penicillin from time to time have been observed. Continuous monitoring and surveillance are pivotal for better infection control and management of pneumococcal infections among children.

Fulltext Do the clonally different Escherichia coli isolates causing different infections in a HIV positive patient affect the selection of antibiotics for their treatment?

Rameshkumar MR, Arunagirinathan N, Swathirajan CR, Vignesh R, Balakrishnan P, Solomon SS

Indian J Med Res, 2018 09;148(3):341-344.

PMID: 30425226 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_730_17

Polymorphisms of UGT1A1*6, UGT1A1*27 & UGT1A1*28 in three major ethnic groups from Malaysia

Teh LK, Hashim H, Zakaria ZA, Salleh MZ

Indian J Med Res, 2012 Aug;136(2):249-59.

PMID: 22960892

Genetic polymorphisms of uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) have been associated with a wide variation of responses among patients prescribed with irinotecan. Lack of this enzyme is known to be associated with a high incidence of severe toxicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of three different variants of UGT1A1 (UGT1A1*6, UGT1A1*27 and UGT1A1*28), which are associated with reduced enzyme activity and increased irinotecan toxicity, in the three main ethnic groups in Malaysia (Malays, Chinese and Indians).

Allele-specific PCR for a cost-effective & time-efficient diagnostic screening of spinal muscular atrophy

Marini M, Sasongko TH, Watihayati MS, Atif AB, Hayati F, Gunadi, et al.

Indian J Med Res, 2012;135:31-5.

PMID: 22382180

Genetic diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is complicated by the presence of SMN2 gene as majority of SMA patients show absence or deletion of SMN1 gene. PCR may amplify both the genes non selectively in presence of high amount of DNA. We evaluated whether allele-specific PCR for diagnostic screening of SMA is reliable in the presence of high amount of genomic DNA, which is commonly used when performing diagnostic screening using restriction enzymes.

Fulltext Parasitic infections in HIV infected individuals: diagnostic & therapeutic challenges

Nissapatorn V, Sawangjaroen N

Indian J Med Res, 2011 Dec;134(6):878-97.

PMID: 22310820 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.92633

After 30 years of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, parasites have been one of the most common opportunistic infections (OIs) and one of the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-infected patients. Due to severe immunosuppression, enteric parasitic pathogens in general are emerging and are OIs capable of causing diarrhoeal disease associated with HIV. Of these, Cryptosporidium parvum and Isospora belli are the two most common intestinal protozoan parasites and pose a public health problem in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. These are the only two enteric protozoan parasites that remain in the case definition of AIDS till today. Leishmaniasis, strongyloidiasis and toxoplasmosis are the three main opportunistic causes of systemic involvements reported in HIV-infected patients. Of these, toxoplasmosis is the most important parasitic infection associated with the central nervous system. Due to its complexity in nature, toxoplasmosis is the only parasitic disease capable of not only causing focal but also disseminated forms and it has been included in AIDS-defining illnesses (ADI) ever since. With the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), cryptosporidiosis, leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and toxoplasmosis are among parasitic diseases reported in association with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). This review addresses various aspects of parasitic infections in term of clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with HIV-infection.

Fulltext Pulmonary function studies in young healthy Malaysians of Kelantan, Malaysia

Bandyopadhyay A

Indian J Med Res, 2011 Nov;134(5):653-7.

PMID: 22199104 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.90990

Pulmonary function tests have been evolved as clinical tools in diagnosis, management and follow up of respiratory diseases as it provides objective information about the status of an individual's respiratory system. The present study was aimed to evaluate pulmonary function among the male and female young Kelantanese Malaysians of Kota Bharu, Malaysia, and to compare the data with other populations.

Mismatch repair genes expression defects & association with clinicopathological characteristics in colorectal carcinoma

Kaur G, Masoud A, Raihan N, Radzi M, Khamizar W, Kam LS

Indian J Med Res, 2011 Aug;134:186-92.

PMID: 21911971

DNA mismatch repair gene (MMR) abnormalities are seen in 95 per cent of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) and 10-15 per cent of sporadic colorectal cancers. There are no data on MMR abnormalities in Malaysian colorectal cancer patients. This study was aimed to determine the frequency of abnormal MMR gene protein expression in colorectal carcinoma in Northern Peninsular Malaysia using immunohistochemistry.

Fulltext Entomological study of chikungunya infections in the State of Kelantan, Malaysia

Rozilawati H, Faudzi AY, Rahidah AA, Azlina AH, Abdullah AG, Amal NM, et al.

Indian J Med Res, 2011 Jun;133:670-3.

PMID: 21727669

Chikungunya infection has become a public health threat in Malaysia since the 2008 nationwide outbreaks. Aedes albopictus Skuse has been identified as the chikungunya vector in Johor State during the outbreaks. In 2009, several outbreaks had been reported in the State of Kelantan. Entomological studies were conducted in Kelantan in four districts, namely Jeli, Tumpat, Pasir Mas and Tanah Merah to identify the vector responsible for the virus transmission.

Effects of acute supplementation of Panax ginseng on endurance running in a hot & humid environment

Ping FW, Keong CC, Bandyopadhyay A

Indian J Med Res, 2011 Jan;133:96-102.

PMID: 21321426

Athletes in Malaysia need to perform in a hot and humid environment due to the climatic nature of the country. Chronic supplementation of Panax ginseng (PG) (a deciduous perennial plant belonging to the Araliaceae family) enhances physical performance. As the ergogenic effect of acute supplementation of PG on endurance performance has not been explored in the Malaysian population especially in a hot and humid condition this study was taken up.

Effects of acute supplementation of caffeine on cardiorespiratory responses during endurance running in a hot & humid climate

Ping WC, Keong CC, Bandyopadhyay A

Indian J Med Res, 2010 Jul;132:36-41.

PMID: 20693587

Athletes in Malaysia need to perform in a hot and humid climate. Chronic supplementation of caffeine on endurance performance have been studied extensively in different populations. However, concurrent research on the effects of acute supplementation of caffeine on cardiorespiratory responses during endurance exercise in the Malaysian context especially in a hot and humid environment is unavailable.

Role of norepinephrine & angiotensin II in the neural control of renal sodium & water handling in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Salman IM, Sattar MA, Ameer OZ, Abdullah NA, Yam MF, Salman HM, et al.

Indian J Med Res, 2010 Jun;131:786-92.

PMID: 20571167

A wealth of information concerning the essential role of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in the regulation of renal function and mean arterial blood pressure homeostasis has been established. However, many important parameters with which RSNA interacts are yet to be explicitly characterized. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of acute renal denervation (ARD) on sodium and water excretory responses to intravenous (iv) infusions of either norepinephrine (NE) or angiotensin II (Ang II) in anaesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

Fulltext Detection of Wolbachia from field collected Aedes albopictus Skuse in Malaysia

Noor Afizah A, Roziah A, Nazni WA, Lee HL

Indian J Med Res, 2015 Aug;142(2):205-10.

PMID: 26354218 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.164259

Wolbachia-based vector control strategies have been proposed as a mean to augment the existing measures for controlling dengue vector. Prior to utilizing Wolbachia in novel vector control strategies, it is crucial to understand the Wolbachia-mosquito interactions. Many studies have only focused on the prevalence of Wolbachia in female Aedes albopictus with lack of attention on Wolbachia infection on the male Ae. albopictus which also affects the effective expression of Wolbachia induced- cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). In this study, field surveys were conducted to screen for the infection status of Wolbachia in female and male Ae. albopictus from various habitats including housing areas, islands and seashore.

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