METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study (5 years) was conducted at the respiratory department, Hospital Pulau Pinang. Patients aged ⩾65 years with confirmed diagnosis of RTI were included in the study.
RESULTS: A total of 474 patients were included, and the most prevalent RTIs were community-acquired pneumonia (65.6%) followed by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (20.7%), bronchitis (8.2%) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (5.5%). Amoxicillin/clavulanate (69.8%), ampicillin/sulbactam (9.1%) and cefuroxime (6.5%) are the most common antibiotics prescribed to treat RTIs among geriatrics. Smoking, alcohol consumption, polypharmacy and presence of other co-morbidities are statistically significant factors associated with treatment outcomes of RTIs among geriatrics.
CONCLUSION: Prevalence of community-acquired pneumonia (65.6%) among older patients aged 65 years and older higher than other RTIs. Smoking, alcohol use, presence of polypharmacy and other co-morbidities are important factors associated with the treatment outcomes of RTIs.The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
OBJECTIVES: To pool evidence on the safety and efficacy of MSCs in treating COVID-19 by observing MSC-related adverse effects as well as evaluating its effects in reducing inflammatory response and improving pulmonary function.
DATA SOURCES AND METHODS: Following literature search across six databases and one trial register, full-text retrieval, and screening against eligibility criteria, only eight studies were included for data extraction. All eight studies evaluated the use of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (UC-MSC), infused intravenously. Of these eight studies, six studies were included in meta-analysis on the incidence of mortality, adverse events (AEs), and serious adverse events (SAEs), and the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6. Meta-analysis on pulmonary function was not performed due to insufficient data.
RESULTS: MSC-treated group showed significantly lower risk of mortality than the control group (p = 0.03). No statistical significance was observed on the incidence of AEs (p = 0.78) and SAEs (p = 0.44), and the levels of CRP (p = 0.06) and IL-6 (p = 0.09).
CONCLUSION: MSCs were safe for use, with lower risk of mortality and no association with AEs. Regarding efficacy, descriptive analysis showed indications of improvement on the inflammatory reaction, lung clearance, and oxygenation status despite the lack of statistical significance in meta-analysis of CRP and IL-6. Nevertheless, more studies are needed for affirmation.
REGISTRATION: This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered on the PROSPERO database (no. CRD42022307730).