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Cryptic antiphospholipid autoantibodies and serum co-inhibitors

Cheng HM

Autoimmunity, 1994;19(2):127-33.
PMID: 7772702 DOI: 10.3109/08916939409009540
Matched MeSH terms: Antiphospholipid Syndrome/blood
Antiphospholipid syndrome in Sarawak: real world experience in a developing country

Teh CL, Leong TS

Clin Rheumatol, 2015 Jan;34(1):175-8.
PMID: 24831689 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-014-2671-6

We performed a cross-sectional study of all antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) patients during an 8-year period (2006-2013) to describe the clinical features, serology profiles, treatment regimes, and outcomes in our center. There were a total of 59 patients in our study with the female to male ratio of 9:1. They have a mean age of 41.6 ± 12.1 years and a mean duration of illness of 38.4 ± 68.5 months. The majority of patients presented with vascular thrombosis (69.5 %) with equal arterial and venous involvements. Twenty-six patients (44.1 %) presented with obstetric complications with recurrent abortions (32.2 %) as the main manifestation. Most patients were on daily warfarin doses of 2-6 mg (91.0 %) with target INR of 2-3. There was neither recurrent thrombosis nor bleeding complications documented. There were 80 % live births following treatment in our patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Antiphospholipid Syndrome/blood
Thrombotic management of antiphospholipid syndrome: towards novel targeted therapies

Islam MA, Alam F, Wong KK, Kamal MA, Gan SH

Curr Vasc Pharmacol, 2017;15(4):313-326.
PMID: 28056758 DOI: 10.2174/1570161115666170105120931

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity with persistent levels of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs). The development of thrombosis in APS is mediated by aPLs and contributes to the high mortality rate in APS patients. However, although APS has been reported for more than 30 years, there has been no optimal regimen for its prevention or for the management of thrombosis, mainly because the mainstay treatment strategies for managing APS are not targeted towards aPL-mediated thrombotic pathophysiology. Instead, the treatments commonly used are aimed at general thrombotic disorders. Warfarin is the most commonly used vitamin K antagonist (VKA), in addition to anti-platelet medications, such as aspirin and clopidogrel. Over the last decade, novel non-VKA oral anticoagulants, including rivaroxaban, apixaban and dabigatran, as well as immunomodulatory agents, such as rituximab, eculizumab, hydroxychloroquine, statins and sirolimus, have also been used. In this review, we discuss the current treatment strategies and future treatment outlook for thrombotic APS.

Matched MeSH terms: Antiphospholipid Syndrome/blood*
Hyperferritinaemia: An Iron Sword of Autoimmunity

Giemza-Stokłosa J, Islam MA, Kotyla PJ

Curr Pharm Des, 2019;25(27):2909-2918.
PMID: 31686632 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190709202804

BACKGROUND: Ferritin is a molecule that plays many roles being the storage for iron, signalling molecule, and modulator of the immune response.
METHODS: Different electronic databases were searched in a non-systematic way to find out the literature of interest.
RESULTS: The level of ferritin rises in many inflammatory conditions including autoimmune disorders. However, in four inflammatory diseases (i.e., adult-onset Still's diseases, macrophage activation syndrome, catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome, and sepsis), high levels of ferritin are observed suggesting it as a remarkable biomarker and pathological involvement in these diseases. Acting as an acute phase reactant, ferritin is also involved in the cytokine-associated modulator of the immune response as well as a regulator of cytokine synthesis and release which are responsible for the inflammatory storm.
CONCLUSION: This review article presents updated information on the role of ferritin in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases with an emphasis on hyperferritinaemic syndrome.

Matched MeSH terms: Antiphospholipid Syndrome/blood