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  1. Raj JM, Kanagaratnam K, Mohammad NM, Abdul Rahman Z, Badmanaban B, Chong YS, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Apr;68(2):171-2.
    PMID: 23629569 MyJurnal
    Matched MeSH terms: Brugada Syndrome*
  2. Lee S, Chung CTS, Radford D, Chou OHI, Lee TTL, Ng ZMW, et al.
    Clin Cardiol, 2023 Oct;46(10):1194-1201.
    PMID: 37489866 DOI: 10.1002/clc.24102
    BACKGROUND: Health care resource utilization (HCRU) and costs are important metrics of health care burden, but they have rarely been explored in the setting of cardiac ion channelopathies.

    HYPOTHESIS: This study tested the hypothesis that attendance-related HCRUs and costs differed between patients with Brugada syndrome (BrS) and congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS).

    METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of consecutive BrS and LQTS patients at public hospitals or clinics in Hong Kong, China. HCRUs and costs (in USD) for Accident and Emergency (A&E), inpatient, general outpatient and specialist outpatient attendances were analyzed between 2001 and 2019 at the cohort level. Comparisons were made using incidence rate ratios (IRRs [95% confidence intervals]).

    RESULTS: Over the 19-year period, 516 BrS (median age of initial presentation: 51 [interquartile range: 38-61] years, 92% male) and 134 LQTS (median age of initial presentation: 21 [9-44] years, 32% male) patients were included. Compared to LQTS patients, BrS patients had lower total costs (2 008 126 [2 007 622-2 008 629] vs. 2 343 864 [2 342 828-2 344 900]; IRR: 0.857 [0.855-0.858]), higher costs for A&E attendances (83 113 [83 048-83 177] vs. 70 604 [70 487-70 721]; IRR: 1.177 [1.165-1.189]) and general outpatient services (2,176 [2,166-2,187] vs. 921 [908-935]; IRR: 2.363 [2.187-2.552]), but lower costs for inpatient stay (1 391 624 [1 391 359-1 391 889] vs. 1 713 742 [1 713 166-1 714 319]; IRR: 0.812 [0.810-0.814]) and lower costs for specialist outpatient services (531 213 [531 049-531 376] vs. 558 597 [558268-558926]; IRR: 0.951 [0.947-0.9550]).

    CONCLUSIONS: Overall, BrS patients consume 14% less health care resources compared to LQTS patients in terms of attendance costs. BrS patients require more A&E and general outpatient services, but less inpatient and specialist outpatient services than LQTS patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Brugada Syndrome*
  3. Yap YG, Behr ER, Camm AJ
    Europace, 2009 Aug;11(8):989-94.
    PMID: 19482855 DOI: 10.1093/europace/eup114
    Brugada syndrome is an inherited cardiac arrhythmia condition characterized by (i) coved ST-elevation and J point elevation of at least 2 mm in at least two of the right precordial ECG leads (V1-V3) and (ii) ventricular arrhythmias, syncope, and sudden death. Patients with Brugada syndrome or suspected mutation carriers can have normal ECG recordings at other times. In these cases, a diagnostic challenge with a sodium channel blocker such as ajmaline, flecainide, or pilsicainide may induce the full-blown type 1 ECG pattern and support the diagnosis. However, recently, many other pharmacological agents not related to class I anti-arrhythmic agents have been reported to induce Brugada ECG patterns including tricyclic antidepressants, fluoxetine, lithium, trifluoperazine, antihistamines, and cocaine. As published reports of the drug-induced Brugada sign have become increasingly prevalent, there is growing interest in the mechanisms responsible for this acquired ECG pattern and its clinical significance. It is possible that drug-induced Brugada syndrome may be due to an individual susceptibility that favours drug-induced ECG abnormalities, possibly as a result of an increase in a latent ion channel dysfunction similar to that in drug-induced long QT syndrome. However, further evidence is needed to confirm this postulation. In this paper, we will review the cases and evidence of drug-induced Brugada syndrome reported in the literature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Brugada Syndrome/chemically induced*; Brugada Syndrome/prevention & control*
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