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  1. Allele frequencies and forensic parameters based upon 23 Autosomal STRs loci of 406 Cambodian individuals in Thailand
    Siripatoomrut N, Romgaew T, Aobaom S
    Int J Legal Med, 2025 Sep;139(5):2109-2116.
    PMID: 40493061 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-025-03532-z
    This study evaluated the allele frequencies and forensic parameters of 23 autosomal short tandem repeat (aSTR) loci in 406 genotypes from a Cambodian population residing in Thailand. The loci were stored in the Thailand DNA database of the Police Forensic Science Center 1, Pathum Thani. No significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were found for any loci after applying the Bonferroni correction (p > 0.002). SE33 exhibited the highest degree of genetic polymorphism, making it the most informative locus, while TPOX was the least informative. The combined power of discrimination (CPD) and combined power of exclusion (CPE) for the 23 aSTR loci were both at 0.9999. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to compare the Cambodian population with four other populations (Laotian, Thai, Vietnamese, and Malaysian). The results showed that the Cambodian population clustered with the other four populations, with the Laotian population being the most closely related. However, six dominant alleles unique to the Cambodian population in Thailand were identified, distinguishing this population from the Laotian, Thai, Vietnamese, and Malaysian populations. Moreover, two of these dominant alleles were exclusively found in the Cambodian population in Thailand and were not present in any of the 22 other compared populations. Therefore, the allele frequency data from this study can serve as a reference for identifying allele differences in other populations and can further enhance the accuracy of forensic human identification and kinship testing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cambodia/ethnology
  2. Fulltext "Because if we talk about health issues first, it is easier to talk about human trafficking"; findings from a mixed methods study on health needs and service provision among migrant and trafficked fishermen in the Mekong
    Pocock NS, Tadee R, Tharawan K, Rongrongmuang W, Dickson B, Suos S, et al.
    Global Health, 2018 05 09;14(1):45.
    PMID: 29739433 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-018-0361-x
    BACKGROUND: Human trafficking in the fishing industry or "sea slavery" in the Greater Mekong Subregion is reported to involve some of the most extreme forms of exploitation and abuse. A largely unregulated sector, commercial fishing boats operate in international waters far from shore and outside of national jurisdiction, where workers are commonly subjected to life-threatening risks. Yet, research on the health needs of trafficked fishermen is sparse. This paper describes abuses, occupational hazards, physical and mental health and post-trafficking well-being among a systematic consecutive sample of 275 trafficked fishermen using post-trafficking services in Thailand and Cambodia. These findings are complemented by qualitative interview data collected with 20 key informants working with fishermen or on issues related to their welfare in Thailand.

    RESULTS: Men and boys trafficked for fishing (aged 12-55) were mainly from Cambodia (n = 217) and Myanmar (n = 55). Common physical health problems included dizzy spells (30.2%), exhaustion (29.5%), headaches (28.4%) and memory problems (24.0%). Nearly one-third (29.1%) reported pain in three or more areas of their body and one-quarter (26.9%) reported being in "poor" health. Physical health symptoms were strongly associated with: severe violence; injuries; engagement in long-haul fishing; immigration detention or symptoms of mental health disorders. Survivors were exposed to multiple work hazards and were perceived as disposable when disabled by illness or injuries. Employers struggled to apply internationally recommended Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) practices in Thailand. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) encountered challenges when trying to obtain healthcare for uninsured fishermen. Challenges included fee payment, service provision in native languages and officials siding with employers in disputes over treatment costs and accident compensation. Survivors' post-trafficking concerns included: money problems (75.9%); guilt and shame (33.5%); physical health (33.5%) and mental health (15.3%).

    CONCLUSION: Fishermen in this region are exposed to very serious risks to their health and safety, and their illnesses and injuries often go untreated. Men who enter the fishing industry in Thailand, especially migrant workers, require safe working conditions and targeted protections from human trafficking. Survivors of the crime of sea slavery must be provided with the compensation they deserve and the care they need, especially psychological support.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cambodia/ethnology
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