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  1. Khan AJ, Afrose T, Nuha FA, Islam MA, Ahmad MSB
    Spec Care Dentist, 2024;44(3):645-658.
    PMID: 37817388 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12931
    BACKGROUND: In dentistry, association between bruxism and individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and Down Syndrome (DS) is high. Bruxism is one of the most common oral and psychophysiological disorders, that is still an unsolved issue with limited data.

    OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this systematic review (SR) was to evaluate evidence about bruxism and its management in individuals with ASD and DS.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The researchers performed an electronic search using keywords on three databases, reference lists and complemented by manual searching from January 2000 to February 2023 to find out the relevant documents. An extensive literature review using the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta Analysis" method was carried out. PICO parameters were formulated, and studies risk of bias was evaluated using the JBI critical appraisal checklist tool for case reports.

    RESULTS: Out of 527 documents, 8 case studies and one review paper were identified as final articles for data synthesis. The findings showed, bruxism was reduced for all the participants with ASD and DS after implementation of functional analysis or dental treatment.

    CONCLUSION: The current SR found that despite the positive results of all the studies, there was a lack of evidence due to a limited number of studies and only case studies were conducted through functional analysis and dental treatment.

    NOVELTY: This SR is the first study on bruxism treatments in individuals with ASD and DS that included all the available studies (n = 9) since last 23 years and the first study that specifically addresses the incorporation of case reports in a systemic review.

    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Care for Disabled
  2. Ahmad Fisal A, Francis J, Mohamed Rohani M
    Spec Care Dentist, 2023 Mar;43(2):238-239.
    PMID: 35773752 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12751
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Care for Disabled*
  3. Khan AJ, Ahmad MS, Sabri BAM
    Spec Care Dentist, 2024;44(3):659-675.
    PMID: 37964052 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12940
    INTRODUCTION: Individuals with visual impairment (VI) are doubly disadvantaged by their lack of vision and poor oral hygiene (OH). Implementing oral health education (OHE) interventions should be set as goals to improve OH status and prevent oral diseases. However, few studies have examined the specific teaching method of OH skills. This study aimed to identify the most influential OHE interventions enabling individuals with VI worldwide, especially those in countries where VI is most frequent, to maintain OH and improve knowledge and practices.

    METHODS: An extensive literature review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis method. This study systematically searched electronic databases (PubMed via Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and Google Scholar) using expert-validated keywords, complemented by manual searches, to identify relevant articles published between April 1, 2012, and September 30, 2022.

    RESULT: PICOS criteria were formulated for study inclusion. The bibliographical search identified 1485 articles, which were subsequently filtered. Two researchers separately screened the articles for eligibility and to reduce the risk of bias in the included studies. Finally, the most pertinent 21 articles were scrutinized for data synthesis.

    CONCLUSION: Most studies identified combination methods, including customized educational demonstrations, as the best at improving OH status, knowledge, and practices. However, long-term, rigorously designed, and effective patient-centered communication trials, including those on innovative methods, are still needed for individuals with VI.

    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Care for Disabled
  4. Majid ZA
    Singapore Dent J, 1988 Dec;13(1):33-5.
    PMID: 2979012
    A sporadic case of Crouzon Syndrome without mental retardation is described. The patient, an 11 year old boy with grossly carious teeth and in severe pain was referred for dental treatment. A review of literature on Crouzon Syndrome is presented.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Care for Disabled
  5. Ahmad MS, Razak IA, Borromeo GL
    J Dent Educ, 2014 Aug;78(8):1154-61.
    PMID: 25086148
    Meeting the oral health care needs of the growing population of people with special health care needs (SHCN) starts with dental students' acquisition of sound knowledge and development of clinical competence at the predoctoral level. The aim of this study was to review the level of undergraduate education in Special Needs Dentistry (SND) in Malaysian and Australian dental schools. The deans of all six Malaysian public dental schools and eight of nine Australian dental schools participated in a postal survey on current undergraduate didactic and clinical training in SND at their institutions. The results showed the number of dental schools in Malaysia with teaching in SND as a specific discipline was relatively low compared to that of Australia. However, a high percentage of Malaysian and Australian dental schools reported incorporating teaching of SND into pediatric dentistry (83.3 percent vs. 75 percent), oral medicine/oral pathology (66.7 percent vs. 75 percent), and oral surgery (66.7 percent vs. 25 percent). Most respondents said their school delivered SND clinical training in dental school clinics, hospital-based settings, and residential aged care facilities. Respondents in both countries viewed lack of faculty expertise as the greatest barrier to providing SND education. The study provides valuable information that can direct SND curriculum development in the two countries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Care for Disabled*
  6. Khan AJ, Sabri BAM, Omar AFB, Ahmad MS
    Can J Dent Hyg, 2024 Oct;58(3):161-173.
    PMID: 39513095
    INTRODUCTION: Community-based rehabilitation (CBR) centres in Malaysia were established to enhance the quality of life of persons with disabilities (PWDs), including their health care. It is unknown to what extent PWDs have been taught about oral health care at CBR centres.

    OBJECTIVE: This qualitative study investigated the perceptions of CBR managers regarding the level of training in oral health care received by CBR workers, the current oral health care program for PWDs, and the barriers and enablers in providing oral health education, care, and services for PWDs in CBR centres.

    METHODS: A semi-structured interview questionnaire and face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with CBR managers (n = 9) from 9 districts in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, Malaysia, to seek their views on the focus topics. Audiorecorded interviews were transcribed verbatim, and transcripts were analysed in MAXQDA software. Qualitative data were analysed via thematic analysis.

    RESULTS: Interview content analysis revealed 4 themes, 11 subthemes, and 13 codes. The 4 identified themes were oral health care education and training for CBR workers, oral health care programs and protocol for CBR trainees (PWDs), barriers and enablers to care.

    CONCLUSION: In all CBR centres, CBR workers and PWDs receive an oral health presentation, training in oral health care, and are provided with treatment by a dentist assigned by the Ministry of Health. No specific programs, training or special courses were provided by the Department of Social Welfare. Several personal, professional, and social factors were identified as affecting the provision of oral health care to the PWDs.

    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Care for Disabled
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