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  1. Histological evaluation of a novel phosphorylated pullulan-based pulp capping material: An in vivo study on rat molars
    Islam R, Toida Y, Chen F, Tanaka T, Inoue S, Kitamura T, et al.
    Int Endod J, 2021 Oct;54(10):1902-1914.
    PMID: 34096634 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13587
    AIM: To evaluate the dental pulp response to a novel mineral trioxide aggregate containing phosphorylated pullulan (MTAPPL) in rats after direct pulp capping.

    METHODS: Ninety-six cavities were prepared in the maxillary first molars of 56 male Wistar rats. The dental pulps were intentionally exposed and randomly divided into four groups according to the application of pulp capping materials: MTAPPL; phosphorylated pullulan (PPL); a conventional MTA (Nex-Cem MTA, NCMTA; positive control); and Super-Bond (SB; negative control). All cavities were restored with SB and observed for pulpal responses at 1-, 3-, 7- and 28-day intervals using a histological scoring system. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-test with Bonferroni's correction, and the level of significance was set at 0.05. DMP1 and CD34 antigen were used to evaluate odontoblast differentiation and pulpal vascularization, respectively.

    RESULTS: On day 1, mild inflammatory cells were present in MTAPPL and NCMTA groups; fewer inflammatory cells were present in the PPL, whereas SB was associated with a mild-to-moderate inflammatory response. A significant difference was observed between PPL and SB (p  .05). SB exhibited incomplete mineralized tissue barriers, significantly different from NCMTA, MTAPPL and PPL (p pulp capping material.

    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Pulp Capping*
  2. Factors Affecting the Decision-making of Direct Pulp Capping Procedures among Dental Practitioners: A Multinational Survey from 16 Countries with Meta-analysis
    Hatipoğlu Ö, Hatipoğlu FP, Javed MQ, Nijakowski K, Taha N, El-Saaidi C, et al.
    J Endod, 2023 Jun;49(6):675-685.
    PMID: 37094712 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.04.005
    INTRODUCTION: Direct pulp capping (DPC) procedures require the placement of a bioactive material over an exposure site without selective pulp tissue removal. This web-based multicentered survey had 3 purposes: (1) to investigate the factors that affect clinicians' decisions in DPC cases, (2) to determine which method of caries removal is preferred, and (3) to evaluate the preferred capping material for DPC.

    METHODS: The questionnaire comprised 3 sections. The first part comprised questions regarding demographic features. The second part comprised questions on how treatment plans change according to factors such as nature, location, number and size of the pulp exposure, and patients' age. The third part composed of questions on the common materials and techniques used in DPC. To estimate the effect size, the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a meta-analysis software.

    RESULTS: A tendency toward more invasive treatment was observed for the clinical scenario with carious-exposed pulp (RR = 2.86, 95% CI: 2.46, 2.32; P pulp exposures (RR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.53; P pulp is the most important factor in clinical decisions regarding DPC, the number of exposures has the least impact. Overall, complete caries removal was preferred over selective caries removal. In addition, the use of calcium silicate-based materials appears to have replaced calcium hydroxide-based materials.

    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Pulp Capping/methods
  3. Fulltext Gypsum-Based Material for Dental Pulp Capping: Effect of Chitosan and BMP-2 on Physical, Mechanical, and Cellular Properties
    Subhi H, Reza F, Husein A, Al Shehadat SA, Nurul AA
    Int J Biomater, 2018;2018:3804293.
    PMID: 30147725 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3804293
    Effective pulp capping material must be biocompatible and have the ability to induce dentin bridge formation as well as having suitable physical and mechanical properties; however, many current materials do not satisfy the clinical requirements. This study aimed to assess the physical and mechanical properties of gypsum-based chitosan material (Gp-CT) and to evaluate its effects on cellular properties of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). The experimental material was prepared with different concentrations of chitosan (CT) with or without BMP-2. Then, setting time, compressive strength, and pH were determined. In addition, cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and cell attachment were assessed. The setting time, compressive strength, and pH obtained were 4.1-6.6 min, 2.63-5.83 MPa, and 6.5-5.7, respectively. The cell viability to gypsum (Gp) with different CT concentrations was similar to that of the control on day 1 but statistically different from that of Gp alone on day 3. The ALP activity of SHED was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in CT- and BMP-2-containing materials than those in the control and Dycal at days 3 and 14. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image revealed that flattened cells were distributed across and adhered to the material surface. In conclusion, Gp-CT material shows promise as a potential material for direct pulp capping.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Pulp Capping
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