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  1. Ong ST, Lian CB
    J Clin Pediatr Dent, 1992;17(1):33-5.
    PMID: 1290758
    A case of chronic disseminated histiocytosis X (Hand-Schuller-Christian Disease) of the mandible is presented. Multi-modal approach to management is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell/surgery*
  2. Abdul Aziz DA, Abdul Rahman NA, Tang SF, Abdul Latif H, Zaki FM, Annuar ZM, et al.
    BMJ Case Rep, 2011;2011.
    PMID: 22674944 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.09.2011.4734
    Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) in children is more extensive and is a rare cause of spontaneous secondary pneumothorax (SSP) which tends to be recurrent and refractory to conventional treatment. Its occurrence in paediatric patients posed great challenge to the choice of surgical management. Surgery in the form of pleurodesis is only considered if SSP does not improve after chemotherapy and after considering all relevant risk and benefits of surgery to patients. Chemical pleurodesis will not give the expected effect to eradicate SSP in this patient. Therefore mechanical pleurodesis is the treatment of choice. There are various techniques to perform mechanical pleurodesis; from pleural abrasion to pleurectomy. In the authors' experience, bilateral total pleurectomy provided the best outcome for this 9-year-old patient with persistent respiratory distress from SSP due to extensive pulmonary LCH.
    Matched MeSH terms: Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell/surgery*
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