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  1. Vitamin D ameliorates memory function in association with reducing senescence and upregulating neurotrophin mRNA expression in transient global cerebral ischemic injury model in rats
    Melindah T, Sari DCR, Setiawan J, Alex, Thamrin MM, Zahra F, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2024 Aug;79(Suppl 4):51-57.
    PMID: 39215415
    INTRODUCTION: Ischaemic stroke induces oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, inflammation and senescence and the decrease of cognitive function. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that has a neuroprotective effect to repair the function of the nervous system. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of vitamin D on memory function, p16, p21 (senescence), and nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA expression on the hippocampus after transient global cerebral ischemic.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was designed as quasiexperimental with a control group that only received posttests. We performed in vivo study with an induction bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) model and vitamin D injection for 10 days. A total of 24 rats were divided into four groups (n = 6): Sham operation (SO [control]), BCCAO (transient global cerebral ischemic model not given vitamin D), VD1 (BCCAO + vitamin D 0.125 μg/kgBW), and VD2 (BCCAO + vitamin D 0.5 μg/kgBW). The spatial memory function was tested with the Morris water maze. We performed immunohistochemistry to localise p16 expression. p16, p21 and NGF mRNA expression were assessed by reverse transcriptase (RT-PCR) method.

    RESULTS: The vitamin D treatment group required shorter mileage to find the platform and probe test. The total time spent was longer in the target quadrant than in non-target. The Vitamin D-treated group had lower p16 and p21 mRNA expression and higher NGF mRNA expression than the BCCAO group. Immunostaining showed p16 signal in the pyramidal cell of CA1 area in the BCCAO group.

    CONCLUSION: Vitamin D repairs memory function, senescence expression was lower and NGF was higher in the BCCAO model.

    Matched MeSH terms: Ischemic Attack, Transient/drug therapy
  2. Evaluation of antihypertensive therapy among ischemic stroke survivors: impact of ischemic heart disease
    Hassan Y, Aziz NA, Al-Jabi SW, Looi I, Zyoud SH
    J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther, 2010 Sep;15(3):282-8.
    PMID: 20472813 DOI: 10.1177/1074248410368049
    BACKGROUND: Hypertension and ischemic heart disease (IHD) are among the most prevalent modifiable risk factors for stroke. Clinical trial evidence suggests that antihypertensive medications are recommended for prevention of recurrent ischemic stroke in hypertensive and normotensive patients.
    OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to analyze and evaluate the utilization of antihypertensive medication for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) survivors in relation to recent recommendations and guidelines and to compare their use among patients with or without IHD.
    METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of all patients with AIS/TIA attending the hospital from July 1, 2008 to December 31, 2008. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, different classes of antihypertensive medications, and different antihypertensive combinations prescribed to AIS/TIA survivors were analyzed among patients with and without IHD. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program version 15 was used for data analysis.
    RESULTS: In all, 383 AIS/TIA survivors were studied, of which 66 (19.5%) had a documented history of IHD. Three quarters (n = 260; 76.9%) of AIS or TIA survivors received antihypertensive medication, mostly as monotherapy, at discharge. The majority of patients (n = 201, 59.5%) were prescribed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs). Patients with IHD were significantly prescribed more β-blockers than patients without IHD (P = .003). A history of hypertension, a history of diabetes mellitus, and age were significantly associated with prescription of antihypertensive medications at discharge (P < .001, P < .001, and P < .001, respectively).
    CONCLUSION: Patterns of antihypertensive therapy were commonly but not adequately consistent with international guidelines. Screening stroke survivors for blood pressure control, initiating appropriate antihypertensive medications, and decreasing the number of untreated patients might help reduce the risk of recurrent strokes and increase survival.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ischemic Attack, Transient/drug therapy
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