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  1. Razak A, Goh BS, Rajaran JR, Nazimi AJ
    BMJ Case Rep, 2018 May 14;2018.
    PMID: 29764822 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-223586
    A 51-year-old woman a known case of stage 2 breast carcinoma in 2006 and underwent left mastectomy performed in the same year presented with bilateral lower limb pain suggestive of spinal pathology, and left chin numbness, both of 2 weeks' duration. Examination revealed left mandibular hypoesthesia without any other sign or symptoms. Orthopantomogram was unremarkable apart from mild alveolar bone expansion at tooth 36 area, which was extracted 3 months earlier. Subsequently, a full-body positron emission tomography contrast enhanced computer tomography revealed hypermetabolic lesions of her axial (excluding skull) and appendicular skeleton. In the head and neck region, left mandibular foramen and oropharynx bilaterally showed increased metabolism suggestive of tumour metastasis. The diagnosis was numb chin syndrome secondary to mandibular metastasis. Apart from supportive treatment, she was started on palliative chemotherapy and radiotherapy. At the time of discharge, there were no active complaints other than the aforementioned hypoesthesia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mandibular Neoplasms/secondary*
  2. Md Radzi AB, Tan SS
    Medicine (Baltimore), 2018 Jan;97(4):e8884.
    PMID: 29369168 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000008884
    RATIONALE: We report a rare case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with metastases to the mandible and coracoid process of scapula without evidence of lung involvement.

    PATIENTS CONCERNS: The patient was diagnosed with HCC, presented 5 months later with right lower tooth pain, swelling over the right mandible area and right shoulder pain.

    DIAGNOSES: Histopathological examination of mandible showed findings suggestive of metastatic HCC. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the right shoulder revealed findings of irregular enhancing lesion at the right coracoid process causing erosion of the coracoid process.

    INTERVENTIONS: Patient was subsequently referred for palliative medicine care.

    OUTCOMES: He received adequate analgesia.

    LESSONS: Oral cavity and scapula metastases from HCC are very rare. Most oral metastases are associated with lung metastases, and they possibly occur by hematogenous route. In our case, the possible pathway of metastasis is an anastomotic network of paravertebral veins that bypasses the pulmonary, inferior caval, and portal venous circulations.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mandibular Neoplasms/secondary*
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