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  1. Fulltext Compliance with monitoring standards for anaesthesia in Malaysian hospitals
    Khoo TH, Cardosa MS, Inbasegaran K
    Med J Malaysia, 1999 Mar;54(1):72-8.
    PMID: 10972008
    The Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiologists published a document entitled "Recommendations for Standards of Monitoring during Anaesthesia and Recovery" in 1993. This paper examines the results of two surveys, carried out in 1995 and 1996 respectively; to determine compliance with published Monitoring Standards in Malaysian public and private hospitals. In the private sector, compliance with the recommended standards during anaesthesia varied greatly. Of the 28 government hospitals surveyed in 1996, compliance with monitoring standards during anaesthesia was almost 100%. Standards in recovery areas were less than ideal. The majority of anaesthesiologists thought that the current recommended standards were adequate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Monitoring, Physiologic/standards*
  2. The Brussels consensus for non-invasive ICP monitoring when invasive systems are not available in the care of TBI patients (the B-ICONIC consensus, recommendations, and management algorithm)
    Robba C, Picetti E, Vásquez-García S, Abulhasan YB, Ain A, Adeleye AO, et al.
    Intensive Care Med, 2025 Jan;51(1):4-20.
    PMID: 39847066 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-024-07756-2
    BACKGROUND: Invasive systems are commonly used for monitoring intracranial pressure (ICP) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and are considered the gold standard. The availability of invasive ICP monitoring is heterogeneous, and in low- and middle-income settings, these systems are not routinely employed due to high cost or limited accessibility. The aim of this consensus was to develop recommendations to guide monitoring and ICP-driven therapies in TBI using non-invasive ICP (nICP) systems.

    METHODS: A panel of 41 experts, that regularly use nICP systems for guiding TBI care, was established. Three scoping and four systematic reviews with meta-analysis were performed summarizing the current global-literature evidence. A modified Delphi method was applied for the development of recommendations. An in-person meeting with group discussions and voting was conducted. Strong recommendations were defined for an agreement of at least 85%. Weak recommendations were defined for an agreement of 75-85%.

    RESULTS: A total of 34 recommendations were provided (32 Strong, 2 Weak) divided into three domains: general consideration for nICP use, management of ICP using nICP methods and thresholds of nICP tools for escalating/de-escalating treatment. We developed four clinical algorithms for escalating treatment and heatmaps for de-escalating treatment.

    CONCLUSIONS: Using a mixed-method approach involving literature review and an in-person consensus by experts, a set of recommendations designed to assist clinicians managing TBI patients using nICP systems plus clinical assessment, in the presence or absence of brain imaging, were built. Further clinical studies are required to validate the potential use of these recommendations in the daily clinical practice.

    Matched MeSH terms: Monitoring, Physiologic/standards
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