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  1. Ruger JP, Chawarski M, Mazlan M, Luekens C, Ng N, Schottenfeld R
    Health Serv Res, 2012 Apr;47(2):865-87.
    PMID: 22091732 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2011.01335.x
    Develop and apply new costing methodologies to estimate costs of opioid dependence treatment in countries worldwide.
    Matched MeSH terms: Narcotic Antagonists/economics
  2. Wolfe D, Carrieri MP, Shepard D
    Lancet, 2010 Jul 31;376(9738):355-66.
    PMID: 20650513 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60832-X
    We review evidence for effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for injecting drug users (IDUs) infected with HIV, with particular attention to low-income and middle-income countries. In these countries, nearly half (47%) of all IDUs infected with HIV are in five nations--China, Vietnam, Russia, Ukraine, and Malaysia. In all five countries, IDU access to ART is disproportionately low, and systemic and structural obstacles restrict treatment access. IDUs are 67% of cumulative HIV cases in these countries, but only 25% of those receiving ART. Integration of ART with opioid substitution and tuberculosis treatment, increased peer engagement in treatment delivery, and reform of harmful policies--including police use of drug-user registries, detention of drug users in centres offering no evidence-based treatment, and imprisonment for possession of drugs for personal use--are needed to improve ART coverage of IDUs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Narcotic Antagonists/economics
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