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  1. Ultrasonographic Study of the Submandibular Gland for Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection
    Yi KH, Kim SB, Hu H, An HS, Hidajat IJ, Lim TS, et al.
    Dermatol Surg, 2024 Sep 01;50(9):834-837.
    PMID: 38712848 DOI: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000004208
    BACKGROUND: Hypertrophied submandibular glands provide a bulky contour to the lower face. Botulinum neurotoxin injection methods are commonly used for facial contouring; however, no studies have suggested injection points because of the lack of delicate anatomical information on the submandibular gland.

    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the optimal injection site for botulinum neurotoxin injections in the submandibular gland.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anatomical considerations when injecting botulinum neurotoxin into the submandibular gland were determined using ultrasonography. The thickness of the submandibular gland, its depth from the skin surface, and the location of the vascular bundle were observed bilaterally in 42 participants. Two cadavers were dissected to measure the location of the submandibular gland corresponding to the ultrasonographic observation.

    RESULTS: The thickest part of the submandibular gland measured 11.12 ± 2.46 in width with a depth of 4.63 ± 0.76. At the point where it crosses the line of the lateral canthus, it measured 5.53 ± 1.83 in width and 8.73 ± 1.64 in depth.

    CONCLUSION: The authors suggest optimal injection sites based on external anatomical landmarks. These guidelines aim to maximize the effects of botulinum neurotoxin therapy by minimizing its deleterious effects, which can be useful in clinical settings.

    Matched MeSH terms: Neuromuscular Agents/administration & dosage
  2. Injection of botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX) into trigger zone of trigeminal neuralgia as a means to control pain
    Ngeow WC, Nair R
    Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 2010 Mar;109(3):e47-50.
    PMID: 20219585 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.03.021
    This article illustrates a case of persistent trigeminal neuralgia in a medically compromised 65-year-old female who did not respond to pharmacotherapy. She had undergone several peripheral neurectomies as well as a failed right posterior fossa exploration that resulted in a cerebrospinal fluid leak. Persistent pain over the right external nasal area and right mental region was relieved for several hours after daily injections of bupivacaine. A trial of a single dose of 100 units of botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX) diluted in 2.5 mL saline was injected into the external nasal trigger zone (60 units) and to the mental nerve region (40 units). She achieved complete pain relief in the external nasal region for 5 months. Pain recurred and the site was again injected with 100 units of botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX). Pain relief at the mental region was partial. This was finally controlled with peripheral neurectomy. The patient was pain free with a maintenance dose of 200 mg carbamazepine daily for about 1 year, after which she elected to undergo stereotactic gamma knife radiosurgery when pain recurred at the external nasal region.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neuromuscular Agents/administration & dosage*
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