Displaying all 16 publications

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  1. Karimi M, Omar AH, Fatoye F
    NeuroRehabilitation, 2014 Jan 1;35(2):325-40.
    PMID: 24990035 DOI: 10.3233/NRE-141124
    Spinal cord injury (SCI), damage to spinal cord, influences the ability of the subjects to stand and walk. Moreover, they have some problems such as osteoporosis, muscle spasm, joint contracture and bowel and bladder function. These subjects use various orthoses and undergo different rehabilitation programmes to restore their ability. It is controversial whether use of aforementioned methods improves the physiological health of SCI individuals and improves their ability to ambulate or not. Therefore, the aim of this review was to investigate the effectiveness of assistive devices to restore their physiological health and their functional ability in patients with SCI.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Cord Injuries/rehabilitation*
  2. Ramakrishnan K, Mazlan M, Julia PE, Abdul Latif L
    Spinal Cord, 2011 Aug;49(8):924-7.
    PMID: 21383761 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2011.16
    STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey.
    OBJECTIVES: To investigate factors related to length of time between spinal cord injury (SCI) onset and start of first post-injury employment.
    SETTING: Persons living with SCI in the community who are members of a disability support organization.
    METHODS: Participants were randomly selected from the membership list of a non-governmental voluntary organization. They met the following four criteria: traumatic SCI, minimum of 15 years of age at the time of survey, a minimum of 2 years after SCI and had been employed for some time since SCI. The main outcome measure was time (in years) from injury onset to beginning first post-injury job.
    RESULTS: Participants averaged 4.9 years (s.d. 5.1) from the time of SCI to their first post-injury job, with a range of 3 months to 20 years. Fifty percent of the participants who eventually returned to work had done so by 4 years. Return to pre-injury employer and employment were associated with early return, whereas having less years in education and being older at the time of injury were associated with longer time to return to work.
    CONCLUSION: Rehabilitation team need to consider return to employment as a realistic goal even many years after SCI. Perhaps a focus on returning more people to their pre-injury employer and employment with added focus and input from rehabilitation team for those with lower education status and older age at time of injury might expedite the process of reintegration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Cord Injuries/rehabilitation*
  3. Ramakrishnan K, Chung TY, Hasnan N, Abdullah SJ
    Spinal Cord, 2011 Jul;49(7):812-6.
    PMID: 21221119 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2010.186
    STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey.
    OBJECTIVES: To determine the employment outcomes of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to investigate the impact of various demographic, injury-related and work-related variables on these outcomes.
    SETTING: People living with SCI in Malaysia who are members of a disability support organization.
    METHODS: A total of 84 members of the Malaysian Spinal Injury Association, who have had traumatic SCI for at least 2 years and were between 15 and 64 years of age at the time of study, were interviewed through phone using a questionnaire to identify the association between demographic, injury-related and work-related variables and employment outcomes.
    RESULTS: The return to work rate in this study was 57.1% (employed at the time of study). The overall employment rate after SCI was 76.2% (worked at some point after injury). Those who were younger at time of injury (<20 years of age), able to drive a modified vehicle, independent in personal care and mobility were positively related to being employed. On the other hand, being hospitalized in the preceding 1 year and receiving financial incentives were negatively related to employment.
    CONCLUSION: Functional independence, especially ability to drive, was strongly associated with return to work and should be one of the priority goals of comprehensive rehabilitation of persons with SCI. The negative impact of recent hospitalization as well as financial compensation needs to be probed further.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Cord Injuries/rehabilitation*
  4. Li C, Khoo S, Adnan A
    Medicine (Baltimore), 2017 Mar;96(11):e6328.
    PMID: 28296754 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000006328
    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review is to synthesize the evidence on the effects of aquatic exercise interventions on physical function and fitness among people with spinal cord injury.

    DATA SOURCE: Six major databases were searched from inception till June 2015: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsychInfo, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials.

    STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: Two reviewers independently rated methodological quality using the modified Downs and Black Scale and extracted and synthesized key findings (i.e., participant characteristics, study design, physical function and fitness outcomes, and adverse events).

    RESULTS: Eight of 276 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which none showed high research quality. Four studies assessed physical function outcomes and 4 studies evaluated aerobic fitness as outcome measures. Significant improvements on these 2 outcomes were generally found. Other physical or fitness outcomes including body composition, muscular strength, and balance were rarely reported.

    CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS OF KEY FINDINGS: There is weak evidence supporting aquatic exercise training to improve physical function and aerobic fitness among adults with spinal cord injury. Suggestions for future research include reporting details of exercise interventions, evaluating other physical or fitness outcomes, and improving methodological quality.

    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Cord Injuries/rehabilitation*
  5. Mat Rosly M, Halaki M, Mat Rosly H, Davis GM, Hasnan N, Husain R
    Disabil Rehabil, 2020 07;42(14):2067-2075.
    PMID: 30686132 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1544294
    Purpose: The Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities questionnaire provides an assessment of physical activity after spinal cord injury. This study sought to adapt, with cultural competence, the English questionnaire and translate it into Bahasa Malaysia, including evaluation of content and face validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and completion of a factor analysis in order to validate the Malaysian version.Materials and methods: A total of 250 participants completed the questionnaire that was distributed via email, postal mail, the internet, physically and by word of mouth. Sixty-eight respondents were re-contacted to complete the questionnaire again.Results: The adapted PASIPD demonstrated adequate internal consistency Cronbach's α = 0.68 and acceptable test-retest reliability, intraclass correlation = 0.87. Factor analysis extracted four main dimensions for physical activity; factor 1 (heavy housework, home repair, lawn work and gardening), factor 2 (sports and recreation), factor 3 (light housework and caring for another person) and factor 4 (leisure and occupational activities) that accounted for 64% of the physical activities' total variance.Conclusion: The Malaysian-adapted English and translated Bahasa Malaysia versions of the questionnaires intended to measure physical activity levels in individuals with spinal cord injury, demonstrated good to acceptable validity and reliability. However, some individual items revealed weak reliability measures. Further work is needed to validate the questionnaire's criterion validity against other physical activity measures.Implications for rehabilitationThe Malaysian adaptation of the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities questionnaire provided preliminary support for its use since it has demonstrated adequate construct validity and reliability.The Malaysian adaptation of the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities questionnaire can quantify the physical activity level of community-dwelling individuals with spinal cord injury, whilst deriving descriptive information on their physical activities.Deploying the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities questionnaire to a spinal cord injury population in Malaysia may provide the first data on activities of daily living in an Asian developing country.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Cord Injuries/rehabilitation*
  6. Low WY, Zubir TN
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2000;12 Suppl:S78-83.
    PMID: 11338746
    Sexuality of persons with spinal cord injury has received increased attention especially in the Western countries. However, in the local context, studies pertaining to the sexuality of the disabled are almost nil. This paper utilized a qualitative approach in assessing sexual knowledge, attitudes and practices of persons with spinal cord injury. Eight focus group discussions consisting of 28 adult spinal cord injured persons were carried out. The results showed that the frequency of sexual activity decreased following injury. The disabled themselves have a negative self-concept and a low self-esteem and this affects their attitudes towards sexuality and their sexual behaviour. Health care professionals tend to neglect this issue perhaps due to their insensitivity to the sexual needs for the disabled or a lack of understanding and expertise in this area. A need for sexual information related to their disability is warranted in the areas of reproduction, contraception and their ability/disability in achieving an erection or ejaculation. This study indicated a need for more comprehensive research in this neglected area of sexual issues of persons with disabilities. Public health education and counseling is deemed necessary for the disabled themselves so as to accommodate their sexual lives to their physical capabilities and desires. Attitudes and misconceptions of the public need to be corrected. Above all, there is a need for education and training for health care professionals in the area of sexual rehabilitation, which is currently non-existent in the country. Perhaps, it is timely to incorporate sexual rehabilitation as part of a holistic medical rehabilitation of the disabled.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Cord Injuries/rehabilitation*
  7. Engkasan JP, Ng CJ, Low WY
    Spinal Cord, 2015 Feb;53(2):130-4.
    PMID: 25403504 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2014.199
    STUDY DESIGN: Qualitative study using individual in-depth interviews.

    OBJECTIVE: To explore the roles of patients, their caregivers and doctors when making decisions on the method of bladder drainage after spinal cord injury (SCI).

    SETTING: Five public hospitals in Malaysia.

    METHODS: Semistructured (one-to-one) interviews with 17 male patients with SCI, 4 caregivers and 10 rehabilitation professionals.

    RESULTS: Eight themes describing the respective decisional roles of patients, their caregivers and doctors emerged from the analysis: patient's right and responsibilities, patient as an informed decision maker, forced to accept decision; surrogate decision maker, silent partner; doctor knows best, over-ride patient's decision, or reluctant decision maker. Both patients and doctors acknowledged the importance of patient autonomy but not all patients had the chance to practice it. Some felt that they were forced to accept the doctor's decision and even alleged that the doctor refused to accept their decision. Doctors considered the caregiver as the decision maker in cases that involved minors, elderly and those with tetraplegia. Some patients considered bladder problems an embarrassing subject to discuss with their caregivers and did not want their involvement. Doctors were described as knowledgeable and were trusted by patients and their caregivers to make the most appropriate option. Some doctors were happy to assume this role whereas some others saw themselves only as information providers.

    CONCLUSIONS: A paternalistic model is prevalent in this decision-making process and there is a discrepancy between patients' preferred and actual decisional roles.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Cord Injuries/rehabilitation*
  8. Yusmido YA, Hisamud-Din N, Mazlan M
    Eur J Phys Rehabil Med, 2014 Oct;50(5):557-60.
    PMID: 24694951
    Pressure ulcers are common among patients with spinal cord injury and can be very challenging to treat. The treatment involves multidisciplinary approach and ranges from simple pressure relieve and wound dressings to a more radical treatment like proximal lower limb amputations, especially in chronic cases with potential detrimental effects to physical and mental health.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Cord Injuries/rehabilitation
  9. Julia PE, Sa'ari MY, Hasnan N
    Spinal Cord, 2011 Nov;49(11):1138-42.
    PMID: 21577218 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2011.53
    STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional experimental study.
    OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to examine the benefit of elastic abdominal binders on voluntary cough in persons with spinal cord injury.
    SETTING: Spinal rehabilitation unit in a teaching hospital.
    METHODS: We measured voluntary cough peak expiratory flow rate (in 21 subjects with spinal cord injury, (18 tetraplegia, 3 paraplegia) under three conditions: without abdominal binder as the baseline, with single-strap abdominal binder and triple-strap abdominal binder.
    RESULTS: The results showed that the mean cough peak expiratory flow rate in all subjects without abdominal binder was 277.1 l per min. There was a significant increase in flow rate with the use of abdominal binders: 325.7 l per min with single-strap abdominal binder and 345.2 l per min with triple-strap abdominal binder (P<0.05, paired t-test). The mean cough peak expiratory flow rate in tetraplegic subjects using triple-strap abdominal binders was significantly higher compared with those using single-strap abdomina
    l binders (322.1 l per min and 299.4 l per min, respectively).
    CONCLUSION: Abdominal binders can be used as an effective method to improve cough ability in spinal cord injured patients, with triple-strap abdominal binder achieving greater cough peak expiratory flows.

    Comment in: Frisbie JH. Question of stamina for the diaphragm. Spinal Cord. 2012 Jun;50(6):480. doi: 10.1038/sc.2011.164. Epub 2012 Jan 17. PubMed PMID: 22249332.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Cord Injuries/rehabilitation*
  10. Mat Rosly M, Mat Rosly H, Hasnan N, Davis GM, Husain R
    Eur J Phys Rehabil Med, 2017 Aug;53(4):527-534.
    PMID: 28092144 DOI: 10.23736/S1973-9087.17.04456-2
    BACKGROUND: Current strategies for increased physical activity and exercise in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) face many challenges with regards to maintaining their continuity of participation. Barriers cited often include problems with accessing facilities, mundane, monotonous or boring exercises and expensive equipment that is often not adapted for wheelchair users.

    AIM: To compare the physiological responses and user preferences between conventional heavy-bag boxing against a novel form of video game boxing, known as exergaming boxing.

    DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.

    SETTING: Exercise laboratory setting in a university medical center.

    POPULATION: Seventeen participants with SCI were recruited, of which sixteen were male and only one female. Their mean age was 35.6±10.2 years.

    METHODS: All of them performed a 15-minute physical exercise session of exergaming and heavy-bag boxing in a sitting position. The study assessed physiological responses in terms of oxygen consumption, metabolic equivalent (MET) and energy expenditure between exergaming and heavy-bag boxing derived from open-circuit spirometry. Participants also rated their perceived exertion using Borg's category-ratio ratings of perceived exertion.

    RESULTS: Both exergaming (MET: 4.3±1.0) and heavy-bag boxing (MET: 4.4±1.0) achieved moderate exercise intensities in these participants with SCI. Paired t-test revealed no significant differences (P>0.05, Cohen's d: 0.02-0.49) in the physiological or perceived exertional responses between the two modalities of boxing. Post session user survey reported all the participants found exergaming boxing more enjoyable.

    CONCLUSIONS: Exergaming boxing, was able to produce equipotent physiological responses as conventional heavy-bag boxing. The intensity of both exercise modalities achieved recommended intensities for health and fitness benefits.

    CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: Exergaming boxing have the potential to provide an enjoyable, self-competitive environment for moderate-vigorous exercise even at the comfort of their homes.

    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Cord Injuries/rehabilitation*
  11. Mat Rosly M, Halaki M, Hasnan N, Mat Rosly H, Davis GM, Husain R
    Spinal Cord, 2018 08;56(8):806-818.
    PMID: 29410495 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-018-0068-0
    STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional.
    OBJECTIVES: An epidemiological study describing leisure time physical activities (LTPA) and the associations of barriers, sociodemographic and injury characteristics to moderate-vigorous aerobic exercise participation among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) in a developing Southeast Asian country.
    SETTING: SCI community in Malaysia.
    METHODS: The study sample consisted of 70 participants with SCI. Questionnaires were distributed containing an abbreviated Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities (items 2-6) and the Barriers to Exercise Scale using a 5-tier Likert format. Statistical analyses were χ2 tests, odds ratios, and binary forward stepwise logistic regression to assess the association and to predict factors related to participation in moderate-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise (items 4 and 5).
    RESULTS: Seventy-three percent of the study sample did not participate in any form of moderate or vigorous LTPA. The top three barriers to undertaking LTPA (strongly agree and agree descriptors) were expensive exercise equipment (54%), pain (37%) and inaccessible facilities (36%). Participants over the age of 35 years, ethnicity, health concerns, perceiving exercise as difficult and indicating lack of transport were significantly different (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Cord Injuries/rehabilitation
  12. Ramakrishnan K, Loh SY, Omar Z
    Spinal Cord, 2011 Sep;49(9):986-9.
    PMID: 21556013 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2011.47
    Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Cord Injuries/rehabilitation
  13. Julia PE, Othman AS
    Spinal Cord, 2011 Jul;49(7):791-4.
    PMID: 21321578 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2011.4
    This study is a cross-sectional, face-to-face interview.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Cord Injuries/rehabilitation*
  14. Hasnan N, Mohamad Saadon NS, Hamzaid NA, Teoh MX, Ahmadi S, Davis GM
    Medicine (Baltimore), 2018 Oct;97(43):e12922.
    PMID: 30412097 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000012922
    This study compared muscle oxygenation (StO2) during arm cranking (ACE), functional electrical stimulation-evoked leg cycling (FES-LCE), and hybrid (ACE+FES-LCE) exercise in spinal cord injury individuals. Eight subjects with C7-T12 lesions performed exercises at 3 submaximal intensities. StO2 was measured during rest and exercise at 40%, 60%, and 80% of subjects' oxygen uptake (VO2) peak using near-infrared spectroscopy. StO2 of ACE showed a decrease whereas in ACE+FES-LCE, the arm muscles demonstrated increasing StO2 from rest in all of VO2) peak respectively. StO2 of FES-LCE displayed a decrease at 40% VO2 peak and steady increase for 60% and 80%, whereas ACE+FES-LCE revealed a steady increase from rest at all VO2 peak. ACE+FES-LCE elicited greater StO2 in both limbs which suggested that during this exercise, upper- and lower-limb muscles have higher blood flow and improved oxygenation compared to ACE or FES-LCE performed alone.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Cord Injuries/rehabilitation*
  15. Hanapi NHM, Zainin ES, Aziz MHA, Darus D
    PMID: 30701087 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-019-0154-3
    Introduction: Managing neglected spinal cord injury (SCI) patients in a rural setting can be challenging due to a lack of resources and the unique personal and environmental contextual factors that may hinder rehabilitation. This article aims to identify the contextual factors and their impact on successful rehabilitation.

    Case presentation: A middle-aged man from a rural area had suffered a neglected traumatic SCI and was first seen by the rehabilitation team 17 years post injury. He had a T7 AIS A paraplegia and was bedridden with multiple secondary complications. He was admitted with goals of optimizing his health, initiating basic spinal rehabilitation and improving his functional status. By 1 month, the patient made gradual improvement of his mobility and ADL but requested discharge despite not having achieved his rehab goals. We identified the factors that contributed to his poor motivation to be more functionally independent. Personal factors include poor educational level, his background personality and erratic health-seeking behaviour. Environmental factors included poor family and financial support, physical barriers, lack of work opportunities and facilities for people with disability, poor community support and acceptance and poor healthcare facilities and expertise.

    Discussion: The patient's personal and environmental factors affected the delivery of SCI management, spinal rehabilitation and management of secondary comorbidities. Awareness of early spinal rehabilitation among the rural community and healthcare authorities is crucial to promote better implementation of policies, services or programs to support people with SCI.

    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Cord Injuries/rehabilitation*
  16. Ibrahim A, Lee KY, Kanoo LL, Tan CH, Hamid MA, Hamedon NM, et al.
    Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2013 Mar 1;38(5):419-24.
    PMID: 22914700 DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31826ef594
    Cross-sectional study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Cord Injuries/rehabilitation
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