CGP 20376, a 5-methoxyl-6-dithiocarbamic-S- (2-carboxy-ethyl) ester derivative of benzothiazole was evaluated for its antifilarial properties and shown to be extremely effective against subperiodic Brugia malayi in the leaf-monkey, Presbytis cristata at oral doses of 20-100 mg/kg. The compound and/or its metabolites had complete micro- and microfilaricidal activities even when given at a single dose of 20 mg/kg. Lower doses had incomplete filaricidal action.
Warfarin care bundles (e.g. genotype-guided warfarin dosing, patient's self-testing [PST] or patient's self-management [PSM] and left atrial appendage closure) are based on the concept of combining several interventions to improve anticoagulation care. NOACs are also introduced for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (SPAF). However, these interventions have not been compared in head-to-head trials yet. We did a network meta-analysis based on a systematic review of randomized controlled trials comparing anticoagulant interventions for SPAF. Studies comparing these interventions in adults, whether administered alone or as care bundles were included in the analyses. The primary efficacy outcome was stroke and the primary safety outcome was major bleeding. Thirty-seven studies, involving 100,142 patients were assessed. Compared to usual care, PSM significantly reduced the risk of stroke (risk ratio [RR] 0.24, 95% CI 0.08-0.68). For major bleeding, edoxaban 60 mg (0.80, 0.71-0.90), edoxaban 30 mg (0.48, 0.42-0.56), and dabigatran 110 mg (0.81, 0.71-0.94) significantly reduced the risk of major bleeding compared with usual warfarin care. Cluster rank plot incorporating stroke and major bleeding outcomes indicates that some warfarin care bundles perform as well as NOACs. Both interventions are therefore viable options to be considered for SPAF. Additional studies including head-to-head trials and cost-effectiveness evaluation are still warranted.