Role of melatonin in Alzheimer's disease: From preclinical studies to novel melatonin-based therapies

Roy J 1 , Yin Wong K 2 , Aquili L 3 , Sahab Uddin M 4 , Chin Heng B 5 , Lim Tipoe G 6 Show all authors , Hui Wong K 7 , Lung Fung M 8 , Wei Lim L 9

Affiliations 

  • 1 Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. Electronic address: jaydeep@connect.hku.hk
  • 2 Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. Electronic address: edwinw21@connect.hku.hk
  • 3 Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Division of Psychology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia. Electronic address: luca.aquili@cdu.edu.au
  • 4 Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. Electronic address: msu-neuropharma@hotmail.com
  • 5 Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China. Electronic address: hengboonchin@bjmu.edu.cn
  • 6 Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. Electronic address: tgeorge@hku.hk
  • 7 Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: wkahhui@um.edu.my
  • 8 Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. Electronic address: fungml@hku.hk
  • 9 Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. Electronic address: https://www.drlimlab.com
Front Neuroendocrinol, 2022 Feb 12.
PMID: 35167824 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100986

Abstract

Melatonin and novel melatonin-based therapies such as melatonin-containing hybrid molecules, melatonin analogues, and melatonin derivatives have been investigated as potential therapeutics against Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. In this review, we examine the developmental trends of melatonin therapies for AD from 1997 to 2021. We then highlight the neuroprotective mechanisms of melatonin therapy derived from preclinical studies. These mechanisms include the alleviation of amyloid-related burden, neurofibrillary tangle accumulation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired neuroplasticity and neurotransmission. We further illustrate the beneficial effects of melatonin on behavior in animal models of AD. Next, we discuss the clinical effects of melatonin on sleep, cognition, behavior, psychiatric symptoms, electroencephalography findings, and molecular biomarkers in patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD. We then explore the effectiveness of novel melatonin-based therapies. Lastly, we discuss the limitations of current melatonin therapies for AD and suggest two emerging research themes for future study.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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